Vol 6, No 1 (2025)

An analysis of the main approaches to the foundations of ethics is carried out. It is shown that reason is not an opposition to egoism: in most cases, when talking about the rational justification of morality, it implies the desire to justify morality as a derivative of the instinct of self-preservation. It is also shown that reducing the ideological choice of liberalism-socialism only to profit and / or manipulation is an inadequate simplification of the issue. The possibility of ontologizing socio-ethical choice in the field of ideology based on the previously proposed dualistic approach to solving the mind-body problem is explained.

The article unfolds reasons for discrepancy between J. G. Hamann’s influence on some key philosophic figures of the 18–19^th centuries and the modest place that was allocated to him in historiography and history of philosophy in the context of changing philosophic agenda. It is demonstrated that since the 19^th century Hamann was interpreted as irrationalist, representative of philosophy of faith and feeling, precursory of existentialism, post‑modernism, and also linguistic turn.

The paper is devoted to the study of the experience of Berdsk, Novosibirsk region, in the development of territorial public self-government (TPSG). The purpose is to describe how global trends in the development of this institution, state and regional, manifest themselves at the level of a specific municipality and a separate locality. The empirical basis of the study was made up of official data on TPSG in Berdsk in the period from 2018 to 2024 and data from semi-structured expert interviews conducted in 2024. The experts were the chairmen of the TPSG and representatives of local authorities (administration staff and deputies).

It is concluded that the government's support for the TPSG institute contributes to an increase in the number of TPSG. During this process, within a single local community, sublocal communities are identified, united by a common territory of residence and the solution of problems of its improvement; as well as the identification of groups of initiative members in the person of chairmen and activists within the sublocal communities themselves.

The features of territorial public self-government in Berdsk are highlighted. Here, relatively small groups of the population from several dozen to several hundred residents self-organize into TPSG. There is a tendency to enlarge initially small TPSG. This institution has an administrative resource in the person of deputies, whose help it uses. The Berdsk administration, which is the main operator in interactions with TPSG, is focused on solving specific problems of sublocal communities, which is manifested in the support of grants of a certain type.

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the stages of formation of the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in China. Particular attention is paid to the origins and possibilities of strengthening its influence in the present, which is shown, among other things, by the example of a survey of modern Chinese youth. The methodological approach used was a systemic genetic approach and methods: observation, document analysis, expert survey on a random sample. It was established that the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in China are permitted, but strictly regulated by the state. The interest of Chinese youth in Russian Orthodoxy is associated with objective conditions: holding cultural events within the framework of exchange between Russia and China, with the education of young people in Russian universities, etc. The population's subjective interest in a religion that is not traditional for China is due to the desire to study a philosophy that is close to the values of Chinese culture: loyalty to family, respect for elders, the activities of the leadership and previous generations. The main challenges and prospects for the Orthodox community in China in modern conditions are assessed.

The appeal to the concept of "social policy" is conditioned by the need to change the narrowly focused focus of considering its content as measures to assist certain groups of the population in order to maintain the relative visibility of maintaining the principle of social justice in society, to a broader perception of it as a strategy for organizing social interaction and development of society, the implementation of which ensures the maintenance of a certain level of quality of life of the population, its well-being, and as a result, the stability of the state. Using the example of a retrospective analysis, the author shows what part the system of state administration, the Church, communities and private philanthropists took in the formation of the social policy model in Russia. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that social policy has historically been considered in Russia as a strategy for organizing social interaction and development of society.

The article examines the problem of the ethical and anthropological component of socio-cultural innovations leading to the crisis of modern culture. The purpose of the article is to reveal the content of the main conceptual approaches to understanding the essence of man, considering the possibilities of modern culture to reproduce the anthropological identity of an individual in the context of technologically feasible transformations of human nature. The introduction argues that the role of the subjective factor is rapidly increasing in the dynamics of modern social processes, realizing the ideas of constructing society and man in their direct engineering embodiment (social engineering, anthropological engineering, cultural engineering, etc.). In this situation, there is a threat of increasing dehumanizing trends in innovative development, contributing to the creation of conditions for the implementation of post (outside) human relations between subjects of social interaction. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to find grounds for the reproduction of traditional forms of human identity.

The article discusses the issues of the modern development of the system of objects of civil rights under the influence of innovative technologies. The article studies the question of the meaning of definition and the list of objects of civil rights. The author reasons the understanding of the object of civil rights as goods. The article analyses changes to the list of objects of civil rights in connection with the exclusion of information from it and the inclusion of intellectual property and “white” digital objects. The article sequentially analyses the current situation of objects that could potentially become objects of civil rights in the future – “gray” digital objects, personal data and objects of somatic rights.

The article analyses compulsory licensing as a tool to ensure national interests and access to critical technologies. The article considers court precedents on issuing compulsory licenses and legislative initiatives of recent years aimed at expanding the use of this mechanism. It is emphasized that although compulsory licensing is capable of solving point tasks, it does not contribute to the development of domestic innovation and science.