编号 2 (2024)
ECOLOGY
Justification of the Method of Local Treatment of Wastewater Contaminated with Bioresistant Substances
摘要
The influence of iron (II) ions and hydrogen peroxide on the treatment of petrochemical production wastewater has been studied. The method of local treatment of petrochemical production wastewater was developed. Optimal conditions of purification and optimal composition of Fenton's reagent have been determined. On the basis of experimental data the possibility of application of Fenton's reagent for local wastewater treatment of ethylene and propylene production has been established and the technological scheme of this process has been developed.
7-13
The Influence of Ecological Factors on the Relative Number of Odonata Faunal Species of the Northern Macroslope of the Eastern Caucasus
摘要
In a number of regions located on the northern macroslope of the Eastern Caucasus, including the Chechen Republic (CR), representatives of the order of dragonflies (Odonata), and, above all, their environmental characteristics associated with climate change and improvement of environmental factors, the influence of motor transport in the republic have not been sufficiently studied.
Additional studies of the relative abundance of the Odonata fauna of the Chechen Republic from 2017 to 2022, compared with previous years (2000 – 2015), showed that in this period, almost all taxa showed an increase caused by the technogenic impact on the environment in recent years The environment on the territory of the republic has decreased significantly. One of the problems is the lack of knowledge about the species composition of dragonflies and the identification of rare and endangered subspecies and species. Increasing anthropogenic pressure leads to species reduction of dragonflies. Thirteen endangered species have been identified, classified into two categories according to the NT and CD status adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
14-24
The Use of Combined Coagulants-Floculants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
摘要
The article is devoted to the current topic of improving methods for treating urban wastewater using innovative combined coagulants-flocculants. In an environment of increasing water pollution and stringent environmental standards, the search for effective and cost-effective methods of wastewater treatment becomes especially important. The paper discusses the use of aluminum-silicon coagulant-flocculant (ACF) for the purification of municipal wastewater collected at the stage of mechanical treatment after sand traps. It has been shown that the use of ACF is accompanied by a decrease in the pH value of treated wastewater to 4.39 at a flow rate of 2.0 g/dm3. The paper discusses the use of finely dispersed bentonite clay powders and limestone crushing screenings from a metallurgical lime production shop as acidity regulators. It has been shown that the most effective is the use of limestone in an amount of 0.8 g/dm3 together with ACF (1 g/dm3), which ensures maximum wastewater treatment efficiency of 73.7% and pH of the environment 6.78, and the joint use of ACF, limestone and clay in an amount of 0.4 g/dm3 each, which ensures a cleaning efficiency of 75.4% and a pH of 6.94.
25-36
The Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for Urban Noise Classification
摘要
The modern urban environment is constantly evolving and changing. With the constant growth of cities, the noise level also increases, which can have a negative impact on the health of residents. The importance of determining and controlling the noise of the urban environment is becoming an increasingly urgent task for city authorities, as well as for scientists and engineers dealing with environmental issues and environmental protection. The article presents a comparative analysis of machine learning models, including a neural network for automating the solution of the problem of noise classification present in the city, describes the spectral characteristics of noise, on the basis of which the implemented models make decisions about the noise class.
37-43
Restoration and Landscape Restoration of Disturbed Territories
摘要
The authors propose a method for restoring vegetation in disturbed areas, reducing the cost of material and expanding raw materials for its production by reducing the anthropogenic load on the environment by involving waste in a repeated technological cycle, as well as reducing the cost of work in a short time through the use of a volumetric geogrid filled with artificial soil mixture. This method will not only help restore natural resources and ecosystems, but also improve the quality of life of the local population, reducing the negative impact of industrial production on the environment.
44-52
Research on Volt-Ampere Characteristics in the Process of Electrodeionization Purification of Industrial Solutions from Chromium-Containing Substances
摘要
The paper justifies the choice of the electrodeionization process as a process for purifying industrial wastewater from chromium-containing compounds. The theoretical aspects of the electrodeionization process are considered; the methodology, experimental membrane cell and installation for studying current-voltage characteristics are presented. The change in current density as a function of voltage during the process of electrodeionization during the treatment of chromium-containing wastewater, and the value of electrical conductivity at various current density readings were studied.
53-63
The Economic Security of a Business Entity in Modern Conditions
摘要
An analysis of a number of macroeconomic indicators characterizing the situation in the economy is presented; general approaches to building an algorithm for managing the risks of an organization, as well as the stages of building a comprehensive system of economic security of an enterprise (organization) in the current conditions are proposed.
64-74
Research on Flexible Project Development Methodologies for IT Startups
摘要
Agile management methodologies such as Agile, Scrum, Lean Startup, Kanban, Extreme Programming and Dynamic Systems Development Method are seen as tools to help manage IT startups more successfully. A combined approach to the implementation of flexible project management methodologies and adaptation of flexible management methodologies to startups in the early stages of development is proposed; the main approaches to the development of a task scheduler integrated with social networks have been identified.
75-87
The Role of Digital Strategic Planning in State Regulation of the Economy
摘要
Effective government regulation is of particular importance for the socio-economic development of the country, as it ensures its continuity, consistency, and logic. The purpose of this study is to maximally specify the role of digital strategic planning in the development of the national economy of the Russian Federation. The paper substantiates that the effectiveness of government regulation is determined by the quality of strategic planning, which largely depends on the level of its digitalization. To confirm this fact, the article uses methods of content analysis, statistical data analysis, and strategic analysis – SWOT analysis. The absolute and relative indicators of costs for the development of the digital economy of Russia were analyzed, which made it possible to identify factors that positively and negatively affect digital transformation. Particular attention is paid to the regional aspect of the digital transformation of the economy.
88-105
Key Rate: Analysis of Dynamics and Assessment of the Impact on Investment Growth
摘要
The article provides a co-integration analysis of the impact of the dynamics of the key rate on the volume of attracted investments in various sectors of the Russian economy. At the first step of the research, the dynamics of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for the time period from 2013 to 2022 was analyzed through dynamics indicators; also, the correlation between the key rate and the inflation rate in Russia was analyzed. At the next step of the research work, the dynamics of attracting investment funds by sectors of the Russian economy over the same period was analyzed, and the equations of trends characteristic of the investments in question were modeled. At the third stage, a co-integration analysis of the impact of the key rate on the level of investment was carried out, the result of which was the construction of predictive models using equations for deviations from trends. At the same time, it is noted that the approximation error of the obtained models varied from 4.6 to 11.9 %. The aim of the paper is to form an objective idea of the impact of the dynamics of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the volume of attracted investment funds in various sectors of the Russian economy.
106-118
PEDAGOGY. THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING AND EDUCATION
Digitization of the Education Process at a Technical University
摘要
The large-scale use of information and communication technologies in various sectors of the country's economy has predetermined a number of new directions for training scientific personnel capable of carrying out research in the digital sphere – application of dynamic models of objects, systems with artificial intelligence, decision-making methods under conditions of uncertainty and etc. In universities, training for the digital economy is carried out on the basis of the Federal Educational Standards (FSES). The novelty of the new requirements for university graduates is that they have research competencies that allow them to apply knowledge, skills and abilities based on digital technologies. In the paper, the formation of research competencies is the result of using an activity-based approach to obtaining digital information.
119-128
Development of Functional Literacy in Foreign Language Classes
摘要
The concept of functional literacy and its directions are considered. The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for the subject results in a foreign language, as well as their correlation to the functional literacy formation are presented. Topical issues related to teaching English in modern conditions have been studied.
129-135
The Pedagogical Content and Structure of the Civic Identity of Students of the Military Training Center
摘要
The vision of the content and structure of the civil identity of students at a military training center is revealed from the perspective of the pedagogical foundations of its formation in the context of the student’s individual ability to accept a positive image of the state and manifested in readiness to serve the interests of the country and society. The construct model is based on J. Kelly’s theory of personal constructs, as well as on the results of research by the Russian scientific school. The author enriches the traditional structure of civil identity with new content of pedagogical functional components that reflect the specifics of the activities of military training centers.
136-145
The Language of Mathematics as a Factor in Improving the Quality of Information Communication with Foreign Students
摘要
The possibilities of the language of mathematics for information communication between university teachers and foreign students, which improves the quality of education for the latter, are considered. The nature, features and advantages of the mathematical language, its significance in the study of many academic disciplines are shown. Particular attention is paid to aesthetic education when mastering the language of mathematical formulas. The main sections of the university mathematics course are identified, the content of which contributes to the formation of the structure of the mathematical language of foreign students. The methodology for conducting relevant training sessions and the results of the research are described.
146-155
The Problem of Introducing Information and Communication Technologies at Different Stages of Education in Language Schools
摘要
The article determines the necessity to use information and digital resources in order to improve the effectiveness of language learning, develop the skills of independent students’ work and self-education of teachers. This study analyzes the existing educational information resources that can increase the practical value of a foreign language lesson, support the motivation of students, and develop intellectual and creative abilities. This study examines information and communication technologies in terms of the peculiarities of language training of students of different age groups, which will allow the teacher to independently plan a foreign language lesson in the conditions of a constantly updating database.
156-166