卷 10, 编号 3 (2024)
Reviews
Increasing resilience and selection of a strategy for restoring transport networks in extreme natural processes
摘要
Aim. The development of an approach to increasing resilience by selecting strategies for restoring transport networks affected by extreme natural processes.
Methods. This study evaluates the dynamics of extreme natural processes, specifically exogenous geological processes that can that can disrupt transport networks. It includes as framework for assessing the sustainability and restoration of transport networks under climate risk factors. Strategies for restoring the transport network were formulated.
Results. The formulated strategies enable network modeling of transport network topology, which can be represented as an undirected weighted graph with a set of nodes and edges. The proposed model allows determining the most effective strategy for quickly restoring the connectivity of the transport network by determining the optimal sequence of restoration for repairing road sections, considering restoration time. The efficiency of restoring damaged sections of the transport network is expected to decrease as the share of the restored network increases. Therefore, it is crucial to estimate the necessary extend of network restoration to perform the necessary extent of network restoration to support emergency and urgent tasks by RSChS formations in specific areas.
Conclusion. The analysis and assessment of alternative solutions for restoring the sustainability of transport networks considers the complexity of tasks under climate risk factors, such as extreme natural processes. In some cases, the RSChS problems do not require complete network restoration, unlike the tasks solved by the transport industry. This work aims to develop a framework for assessing restoration strategies, identifying the features of each of the considered strategies under uncertainty, and increasing operational sustainability. The proposed approach is flexible, allowing decision makers to assess various priorities during a specific natural emergency in a certain area, such as average recovery time, process efficiency, and uncertainty levels, when choosing the most desirable strategy. It is assumed that the average recovery time does not differ significantly among strategies for full network restoration. However, for partial restorations necessary for RSChS tasks, the average restoration time depends on the chosen strategy.
287-299
Systems of autonomous running of urban electric transport
摘要
The autonomous running system (ARS) is crucial for urban electric transport, ensuring the movement of electric rolling stock even when access to the contact network is lost owing to emergencies or repair work. Thanks to the ARS, the vehicles can maintain their set speeds, providing passengers with comfortable and safe movements.
The autonomous running allows vehicles to remain mobile and accessible to passengers, even without power supply from the contact network. ARS increases the reliability and efficiency of urban electric transport, ensuring a more stable operation of the transportation system in the city.
This article aims to review the transport systems of urban electric transport and assess their development potential by integrating an ARS into the rolling stock.
300-319
Analysis of culvert design methods as methods of ensuring reliability at the design stage
摘要
This analysis focuses on the factors and methods for ensuring the reliability of metal culverts, which are essential for the trouble-free operation of motorways. Special attention is paid to the calculation methods for structures with annular cross-sections. The results of the work are conclusions about the necessity of their annular cross-section. They also conclude the importance of developing these structures to enhance culverts’ durability and failure-free operation. This involves considering the stochastic nature of load parameters, structural materials, and operating conditions. Addressing this issue is possible through the assessment of reliability indicators for culverts using simulation modeling methods.
320-337
Original studies
Evaluation of the effectiveness of incomplete phase pulse width modulation algorithms in the converter-electric motor system
摘要
Aim. This study evaluates the effectiveness of incomplete-phase algorithms for pulse width modulation of three-phase voltages in frequency control of electric drives, using integral current dispersion in the load as the criterion.
Materials and methods. This study examines pulse width modulation processes in frequency-controlled electric drives, focusing on the converter-electric motor system. Methods from electric circuit theory are used, with proposed algorithms illustrated through drawings, and these drawing can be implemented in the matrix laboratory software.
Results. The process of pulse width modulation in the converter-electric motor system is considered. It is demonstrated that to minimize the number of switching keys in the frequency converter, incomplete-phase pulse width modulation algorithms are beneficial. Expressions for local dispersion of the interphase current in single-phase and two-phase modulation are analyzed. An expression for local current dispersion in a three-phase bridge circuit load is derived, and the concept of integral current dispersion in a three-phase load is derived. Indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of algorithms for incomplete-phase pulse width modulation are proposed. Graphs the efficiency coefficient, characterizing incomplete-phase pulse width modulation with a minimum number of switching of key elements in the function of the amplitude coefficient and in the function of the relative frequency of modulation are constructed.
Conclusion. The results aid in developing algorithms for controlling frequency converters in asynchronous electric drive systems.
338-350
Development of an electronic differential system for electric vehicles based on deep neural network
摘要
Background. Modern cars typically use a transmission system where an internal combustion engine transmits force through a gearbox to a differential shaft, which then transmits torque to the wheels. In electric vehicles, however, electric motors can be attached directly to the wheels through a reduction gearbox. With a right control system, these vehicles can apply different torque to the wheels on each side of the vehicle, significantly enhancing handling. This set-up is known as an electronic differential. Its implementation can vary from simple, using the Ackerman–Jeantand model, which cannot fully replace a simple mechanical differential, to complex systems employing robust control mechanisms with yaw torque. The latter method requires a rather complex control system and expensive sensors. A third –innovative approach involves using neural networks to control electric vehicle speeds.
Aim. The aim is to provide materials and software for implementing an electronic differential using artificial neural networks to expand the solutions available for controlling multiple electric derives in various electric vehicles.
Materials and Methods. The neural network considers multiple factors affecting the operation of electronic differential by selecting special coefficients, weights, to neurons within the network. As a basis for obtaining data, special route maps based on the transition curve will be used.
Results. Testing yielded a prediction accuracy of 0.7273, with a standard deviation of 0.064 for the training set and 0.065 for the testing set.
Conclusion. Employing neural networks for controlling electric drives is a promising alternative to traditional algorithms. Owing to their flexibility, these neural networks can also implement additional driver assistance functions, such as ESP, ABS, cruise control, etc.
351-367
Application of artificial intelligence technologies at substantiation of effective control algorithms for the electrical engineering complex of urban electric transport traction electrical equipment
摘要
Background. Studies on the current state and development trends of urban ground public electric transportation in Russia highlight the urgent need for innovative technologies. These innovations should focus on designing and operating new types of rolling stock, traction electrical equipment, and promising types of electric traction. At the same time, special attention should be paid to building autonomous control systems for electric transportation using artificial intelligence technologies.
Aim. This study aims to explore the application of neural networks to develop algorithms for effectively controlling the electrical engineering complex of traction electrical equipment in urban ground rail electric transport.
Materials and Methods. The research utilized data from studies on the traction electrical equipment modes of rolling stock. These studies were conducted through both computer simulations and field experiments under real operating conditions of urban electric transport using different control algorithms. By applying probability theory and mathematical statistics, the analysis identified the correlations between operational and energy parameters of rolling stock movement and the operational mode of its traction electrical equipment.
Results. The identified correlation dependencies informed the design of an effective network architecture, including its size and complexity, as well as the composition of their training samples. This led to the development of an original, simplified algorithm for determining effective control parameters for the electrical complex of traction electrical equipment during the movement of a vehicle on a given section of track.
Conclusion. The research concluded that using “simple” neural networks for calculating the parameters of effective control of traction electrical equipment operation modes in urban electric transport provides higher speed and sufficient accuracy compared to complex neural network models. These results are valuable for developers of intelligent control systems for streetcar transportation.
368-389
Application of coal mining waste in civil and road construction
摘要
Aim: This study analyzes the potential for processing coal mining waste in civil and road construction.
Materials and Methods. The research focused on rock dumps from eight mines in the Lugansk People’s Republic. According to current methods, samples of dump rock were collected and analyzed in the laboratory for various properties, including Al2O3 content (up to 22%), total sulfur (up to 4%) in rock samples of varying degrees of metamorphism, indicators of its plasticity, and radiation characteristics (up to 220 Bq/kg).
Results. This study addresses the processing of rock dumps from coal mines in the Lugansk People’s Republic as a source of raw materials for building materials. A brief analysis of existing methods for obtaining various building materials from waste rocks was carried out. The laboratory tests on waste rock samples from several mines demonstrated their potential use in civil, industrial, and road construction.
Conclusion. The research provides a detailed analysis of various indicators and properties of coal mining waste in the Lugansk People’s Republic, including specific effective activity and evaporation coefficient. Findings suggest that the waste rock can be effectively used as raw material in the construction industry, supporting the production of materials for industrial, civil, and road construction.
390-400
Technical aspect of the operation of accelerometers as composition of a system for monitoring engineering structures of a cable-stayed bridge over the Petrovsky canal in the construction of the Western Speed Diameter highway in Saint Petersburg
摘要
Aim. This study analyzes the current monitoring system for the engineering structures of a cable-stayed bridge across the Petrovsky Canal, part of the Western High-Speed Diameter highway in St. Petersburg, focusing on emergency situations where accelerometers on pylons record values that exceed limits.
Methods and Materials. The study utilizes statistical data from existing monitoring system databases. The tasks, set within the framework of the study, are accomplished by applying theoretical scientific methods including analytical techniques, mathematical statistics, and induction.
Results. The analysis presents an overview of the current system used for monitoring engineering structures and highlights issues related to emergency situations in which accelerometer readings exceed threshold values. This study proposes a method for assessing the reliability of the monitoring system by classifying the data obtained from the accelerometer into two groups. The research identifies the need for further investigations to understand the root causes of these issues.
Conclusion. Тhe results can assist in the design and installation of monitoring systems of the engineering structures for cable-stayed bridges, as well as for modernization and optimization of existing monitoring systems to improve the quality of structural technical condition assessments.
401-418
Systematization of the application of polymer composite materials in the design of bridge structures
摘要
Background. This study systematizes the principles of using polymer composite materials in bridge structure design, outlining the fundamental principles for calculating load-bearing structures of bridge spans featuring these materials.
Aim. The goal is to enhance the strength and durability of bridge spans during construction and maintenance, while optimizing costs through the use of polymer composite materials.
Materials and Methods. The research employs a modern approach to bridge structure design, utilizing mathematical statistics for experimental data analysis and numerical methods for calculating bridge structures using nonlinear deformation models of anisotropic materials.
Results. Developed principles for designing bridge spans with polymer composite elements include methods for strengthening and reinforcing concrete bridge structures. These methods account for operational factors such as long-term constant and temporary loads, low and elevated temperatures, as well as methods for designing all-composite spans pedestrian and road bridges
Conclusion. The principles of designing bridge spans with elements made of polymer composite materials have been introduced into the practice of transport construction in the Russian Federation. The technical and economic efficiency of using polymer composite materials in bridge structures of transport infrastructure has been confirmed.
419-434
Providing financial and economic security of projects for the construction of transport hubs
摘要
Aim. The goal is to develop an approach for evaluating the economic efficiency of constructing passenger transport hubs, providing financial and economic security of investment projects and promoting the effective operation of these hubs, while considering the external impacts of ongoing projects.
Materials and Methods. The study involved collecting and analyzing data from scientific articles, papers, and open online sources. Economic assessment and investment analysis were used to evaluate the efficiency of passenger transport hub construction projects. The research also drew on scientific publications discussing economic descriptions of transport hubs, using the Volkovskaya TPU project, developed by Archidi LLC by order of the St. Petersburg Transport Committee.
Results. The main scientific result is an approach for economically assessing transport hub projects. This approach includes assessing the public effectiveness by factoring in benefits such as reduced travel time and decreased load on the city’s road network within the project’s cash flows. The proposed approach was tested using the Volkovskaya transport hub construction project.
Conclusion. Finally, the authors developed recommendations for socio-economic assessment of passenger transport hub construction projects, considering both the commercial and social effectiveness of their operation. The results of the research are valuable for regional authorities involved in urban transport infrastructure development and companies financing the construction of passenger transport hubs.
435-445
