Vol 11, No 2 (2023)
- Year: 2023
- Published: 29.06.2023
- Articles: 19
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2308-152X/issue/view/23772
Full Issue
Original papers
The work of Kadyr Ali-bek: some debatable aspects
Abstract
Research objectives: Examination of the controversial and unresolved linguistic and textual issues in Kadyr Ali-bek’s work “Jami al-tawarikh”.
Research materials: For the study, "original" dastans related to the Turkic-Tatar history were utilized. In general, the work consists of three parts: the madhya (eulogy) of Boris Fedorovich Godunov, the translation of part of the work of Rashid al-Din and the dastans about the khans and their protégée Idegei.
Results and novelty of the research: In this work, grammatical forms and vocabulary from various dialects of the Turkic-Tatar language are combined. The language used in the original daastans is more formal than colloquial, but it cannot be considered an example of literary style. Regarding the classification of the language of the dastans, it is concluded that the composition is written in Old Tatar language, as indicated by the Tatar vocabulary. When comparing Tatar and Chagatai languages, it is necessary to consider that different traditions were encompassed in the Chagatai classification. Old Tatar language can be attributed to the Chagatai tradition.
258-265
Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek: raising the question of authorship
Abstract
Research objectives: This article raises the question of the authorship of the work “Jami al-tawarikh”, written in Kasimov at the beginning of the 17th century. The author of this work is Kadyr Ali-bek, an associate of the Kasimov Khan Uraz-Muhammad.
Research materials: The main source behind this study is the Kazan and St. Petersburg lists of “Jami al-tawarikh”, as well as a study dedicated to this work and the personality of Kadyr Ali-bek.
Results and novelty of the research: An analysis of the text, “Jami al-tawarikh”, and scientific works about Uraz-Muhammad Khan, the Kasimov Khan, has led to the idea that the work’s author may not be Kadyr Ali-bek. This assumption is based on a different reading of the text in places where authorship is mentioned. In addition, the present version arose from the insertion of text in the work’s various parts. The language is heterogeneous, parts of the composition differ in terms of the presence of borrowings, and we see different levels of the Tatar language. As well, considering the personality of Kadyr Ali-bek, and his role under the Kasimov Khan, it can be assumed that the author of “Jami al-tawarikh” was another person, and Kadyr Ali-bek was a copyist.
266-273
On Kadyr Ali-bek’s narrative of Oghuz khan
Abstract
Research objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the story of Oghuz Khan, which is located in the beginning of Kadyr Ali-bek’s Genghisnāma; to compare this narrative with Rašīd al-Dīn’s Oghuznāma, which is the main source of the work, and other variants of Oghuznāma and to reveal their similarities and original features.
Research materials: The sources used in this study mainly consist of Kadyr Ali-bek’s work based on the Qazan manuscript and various Oghuznāma variants carrying Islamic motifs. The main sources include Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlallāh’s Oghuz narrative in Jāmīʿ al-tawārīkh, Yazïǰïoġlu ‘Ali’s Tavārikh-i Āl-i Selǰuk. The poetic Oghuznāmas, the pre-Islamic version, texts from the periods after Kadyr Ali-bek, and especially texts that do not share the same narrative structure and instead present different genealogical stories, were not influential in the comparative process.
Results and novelty of the research: Kadyr Ali-bek’s work is known as Jāmīʿ al-tawārīkh in the academic area, as it is considered a translation of Rašīd al-Dīn’s work. However, when it comes to the Oghuz narrative, it can be seen that the author actually used other sources, but avoided mentioning their names. Comparisons with other Oghuznāma variants show that Kadyr Ali-bek either used the same source as Yazïǰïoġlu ‘Ali, a 15th-century Ottoman historian who wrote Tavārikh-i Āl-i Selǰuk, or directly adapted his work. Because the composition of the two texts is almost the same when the omitted or removed parts from the text are set aside.
274-284
On the marginalia of the St. Petersburg manuscript of the “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the marginalia texts on the pages of the St. Petersburg copy of Jami al-Tawarikh by Kadyr Ali-Bek. Many notes and commentaries in the margins of this manuscript are contemporaneous to the main text, but there are also some that were made later. Most of the early marginalia are related to the Genealogy of the Turks (Shajara-i Turk) by Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur Khan.
The research materials: The research material is the marginalia of the St. Petersburg manuscript which is currently preserved in the Oriental Studies Department of St. Petersburg University Library under No: MsO-59.
Results and scientific novelty: This article provides, for the first time, the general characteristics of all marginalia of the manuscript. They are classified according to their thematic character. The article also presents a full translation of the text of the marginalia into Russian. The marginalia can be divided into early and late categories and are attributed to four different authors. Among the marginalia, there are also those that are of some importance for the clarification of confusing moments in the history of the post-Horde states.
285-302
The Kasimov author Kadyr Ali-bek’s information about the Golden Horde
Abstract
The research objective is to analyze the information in the “Collection of Chronicles” of the Kasimov author Kadyr Ali-bek about the Golden Horde.
Research materials: The historical work “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek, written by his own hand in 1602 at the capital of the Kasimov Khanate in Kerman (the modern city of Kasimov).
Results and scientific novelty: The article is devoted to analyzing information from the dastans of “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek. It dwells on the history of the source’s introduction into scientific circulation and considers controversial issues behind the creation of such a historical work, expressing an opinion on many controversial points in regard to this source. The information from the dastans related to the history of the Golden Horde is analyzed along with the originality of the information they report, their source, how legendary they are in sources, and what analogies they have in written sources, legends, and oral historiology. The areas where the possible dissemination of this information took place are suggested. The article’s author draws attention to the purposeful selection and selectivity of Kadyr Ali-bek when writing dastans, seeing the reason for their creation in the political conjuncture present in Russia at the very beginning of the 17th century and with the personality of the author of the work.
303-316
The social structure of Ulus of Jochi and Turkic-Tatar khanates according to materials of “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify and determine elements of the social structure of the Ulus of Juchi and Tatar khanates in the 16thaand 17th centuries according to the materials of “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek.
Research materials: The article uses a new edition of “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek – the latest academic translation of the “Compendium of chronicles”.
Novelty and Results of the Study: “Jami al-tawarikh” is the most important source on the history of the Ulus of Jochi and Tatar khanates at the threshold of the modern era, but also an important testimony on the internal social structure of these states. Kadyr Ali-bek was not only a very high-ranking dignitary and aristocrat, but also a man who knew and recorded how this system functioned in practice. For him, the titulature and many important attributes of power were natural and full of meaning. Viewing this system through his eyes allows us to understand some points that have eluded researchers when analyzing it from other sources. Kadyr Ali-bek’s work mentions the most important elements in the social and class structure of Tatar society in the Ulus of Jochi and Tatar khanates, as well as the mechanisms behind their interaction, such as ruling clans, karachi-beks, atalyk, and emildyash (emildäš) foster-brothers.
317-334
Was Hadji Giray the Khan of Kazan? Attempts to explain the “Dastan about Hadji Giray” in the “Compendium of Chronicles” by Kadyr Ali-bek
Abstract
The article’s author reaches the conclusion that Hadji Giray was strongly connected with the Kazan «yurt» by family ties. His father, Giyas ad-Din, ruled the Volga’s left bank for some time, and his uncle may have been the same Kazan “Libey” whose murder served as the starting point for the emergence of an independent Kazan (after 1445). The dastan about Hadji Giray in the "Compendium of Chronicles" is a monument that reflects the desire of representatives of the Volga’s left-bank lands to invite not just a Chingisid to the Kazan throne, but one of his lawful rightholders. This enthronement, most likely, did not take place, and Hadji Giray went down in history as the founder of the independent Crimean Khanate and the new Giray dynasty. However, for a long time afterwards, Kazan and its neighboring yurts remembered Girays’ rights to the Kazan throne.
Research objectives: This article is an endeavor to analyze the text of the “Dastan about Hadji Giray” in the "Compendium of Chronicles" by Kadyr Ali-bek from the point of view of the plausibility of its historical information about the reign of Khan Hadji Giray in Kazan.
Research materials: Published texts and manuscripts of the “Compendium of Chronicles” by Kadyr Ali-bek, “Seven Planets” by Muhammad Riza, and “A Brief History” of Crimea.
335-348
Tuqay-Timurids, Shibanids, and the Crimean Khanate in Qādir ʻAlī Beg’s historiography: How did the Later Jochid Sources Understand the Reorganization of the Jochid Ulus?
Abstract
Research objective: This article reviews the structure of Qādir ʻAlī Beg’s historiography and compares it with other Later Jochid sources while considering its historical understanding of the Tuqay Timurids, Shibanids, and Crimean Khanate. In addition, it considers how such texts understood the reorganization of the Jochid Ulus.
Research materials: Qādir ‘Alī Beg’s historical understanding is deeply reflected in the order of dāstāns in the original part. Based on the structure and historical understanding of Qādir ʻAlī Beg’s historiography, this article pays attention to the structure of other Later Jochid sources such as: Anonym. Tavārīkh-i Guzīda(-yi) Nuṣrat-nāma, Maḥmūd b. Amīr Walī’s Baḥr al-Asrār fī Manāqib al-Akhyār, Ötämish Ḥājī’s Chingīz-nāma / Qara Tavārīkh, Abu’l-Ghāzī’s Shajara-yi Turk (va Mughūl), and Seyyid Muḥammed Riḍā’s Seven Planets in Report about Tatar Rulers.
Results and novelty of the research: In general, the Later Jochid states are called “khanates” by the name of the territory or group they ruled. However, when we look at the structure of the Later Jochid sources, including Qādir ʻAlī Beg’s historiography, the descriptions in the sources further confirm that each state was recognized by its ruling family. Complementing the history and genealogy, the consciousness of belonging to the “Jochids / Jochid Ulus” was preserved, and it is seen that they recognized their belonging to the “Tuqay Timurids” and “Shibanids.” Qādir ʻAlī Beg’s historiography and the other Later Jochid sources have a common historical understanding that the Jochid Ulus was reorganized by the “Tuqay Timurids” and “Shibanids.” This work inherited the tradition of Turkic-Mongolian historiography; in addition, in this respect this work can be positioned as one of the Later Jochid sources. Against the widespread theory that the fall of the “Great Horde” in 1502 was the fall of the Jochid Ulus (Golden Horde), there is a remarkable ongoing argument that the Crimean Khanate claimed to be the successor of the “Great Horde.” On the other hand, from the description of this work and the Shajara-yi Turk, we confirm that no specific information about the Crimean Khanate was brought neither to the Later Jochid states in the east, nor to Kasimov. The relationship between the Crimean Khanate and the other Late Jochid states, the study of historical understanding of the Later Jochid sources and their comparison with the sources of neighboring states is an important issue for future research.
349-370
On the status of the Nogai Horde in the system of post-Horde states
Abstract
Research objectives: To establish the degree of equivalence for the status of the Nogai Horde in comparison with the Tatar khanates that arose after the collapse of the Golden Horde.
Research materials: Russian-Nogai embassy books and documents about those living in Russia in the 16th–17th centuries, writings pertaining to noble people from the East.
Results and scientific novelty of the study: The Nogai Horde, until the last third of the 16th century, retained the institution of nominal khans chosen from the numerous descendants of Chingis Khan. These latter figures were needed to proclaim the next biy as a beklerbek and issue a charter with a golden seal. That was the only way to legitimize power in the Horde in the eyes of the neighbors and, most crucially, the Nogai themselves. Thus, the Nogai Horde could not get rid of the idea of its subordinate position in relation to the states ruled by the Chingisids. However, from the middle of the 16th century. the traditional place of the Tatar tsars and princes begins to be occupied by the Russian tsar.
371-379
Seidyak and Uraz-Muhammad in siberian history
Abstract
Research objectives: To identify the features of the appearance and activity in the Siberian Khanate of the last Taibugid Prince Seidyak and the Kazakh tsarevich, Uraz-Muhammad.
Research materials: This work was carried out on the basis of the analysis of published chronicles of various origins, the collection of chronicles of Utemish Hadji, dastans of Kadyr Ali-bek, and unpublished documents from the fund 127 (relations with Nogai Tatars) of the RGADA, the Siberian chronicle of Ivan Chereapanov, etc.
Results and scientific novelty: In historical research, under the influence of various editions of the so-called "Siberian chronicles", there has emerged a traditional concept of Prince Seidyak's activity as that of one of the main opponents of the Siberian Khan Kuchum. However, the late nature and inconsistency of these chronicles in relation to each other and some documents that are contemporary to the events make it possible to construct a different concept of the events of 1585–1588 in Siberia.
Brought up at the court of the sayyid most likely associated with the tariqa Naqshbanidiya, the descendant of the Siberian princes appeared in Siberia no earlier than the middle of 1585. It is doubtful that the Bukhara Sayyids and merchants who were associated with them, being interested in local furs and havkng invested a lot of effort in the Islamization of the khanate, could send a legitimate khan to the north. The theory about the need to expand support for Kuchum by various groups, including those loyal to the princely dynasty, looks more realistic. This explains the participation of Saydiak in the division of Ermak's property, and the absence of direct conflicts with the khan, with the exception of taking Isker from his son, Ali, who had a rather strained relationship with his father and brother. At the same time, the Bukhara leaders could remind Kuchum that they had the option of a political alternative.
Almost at the same time, the grandson of the Kazakh khan, Shigai Uraz-Muhammad, whose father Ondan died during another Kazakh-Kalmyk clash, could appear in Siberia. Ondan had supported his father and brother Tavvakul, including in the conclusion of a Kazakh-Bukhara union. Judging by indirect references, the ruling family was also associated with one of the Bukhara tariqas. The reasons for sending Uraz-Muhammad and his family to Siberia are presented inconsistently in the literature due to the lack of sources on this issue. They also ended up initially at the court of Khan Kuchum where part of Ondan's family had settled. After the capture of Isker, the tsarevich, along with the Siberian carp who joined him, found themselves in Isker, where they strengthened the Seidyak.
The attempt to build the concept of a real "triumvirate" made up of Prince Seidyak, Tsarevich Uraz-Muhammad, and Siberia’s Karachi as an alternative political center to Khan Kuchum and his sons at the moment looks groundless due to the lack of information about their activities between the capture of Isker and the Russian captivity in 1588. Even if they had some political ambitions, they did not demonstrate them in any way.
380-396
Political and ideological prerequisites for the enthronement of the Kazakh sultan Uraz-Muhammad in the Kasimov Khanate
Abstract
Research objectives: The Kazakh sultan Uraz-Muhammad, who happened to find himself in the territory of the Moscow Tsardom in 1588, was elevated to the throne of the declining Kasimov Khanate in 1600. His arrival in this Turkic enclave yurt, which had been ruled by the Greater Horde dynasty (Sheikh-Avliyar, Shah-Ali, Sain-Bulat, Mustafa-Ali) for a considerable period since 1516, was a political innovation by the Kazakh sultan that remains not fully explained. At that time, representatives of other branches of the Chingisids, such as the significant group of Kuchumoviches (Shibanids), who were likely no less prominent than the Kazakh khans tracing their lineage to the Ordaids or Tukay-Timurids (more recently, primarily to the former), existed in the Moscow Tsardom. The general assessment expressed in the literature that Uraz-Muhammad’s enthronement in Kasimov was an action related to "the further implementation of the eastern policy of the Moscow Tsardom," according to A.V. Belyakov's words, lacks sufficient specificity. Therefore, the authors of this article considered it necessary to conduct a more detailed analysis of this issue.
Research materials: The authors examined the historiography of the issue of Uraz-Muhammad’s appearance in the Moscow Tsardom, as well as the political situation at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries in both the state and the Kazakh Khanate. Sources such as Kadyr Ali-bek's "Jami al-tawarikh," Siberian chronicles, as well as folk legends and traditions found in G.F. Miller’s work "History of Siberia" and Siberian Tatar local history writings were utilized.
Results and novelty of the research: The conducted research allowed us to conclude that Moscow's choice of a candidate like the Kazakh sultan Uraz-Muhammad for the Kasimov throne in 1600 was dictated by the politico-ideological considerations of the ruling elite of the Moscow Tsardom. These considerations were explained by the new challenges in the field of eastern policy that emerged on the eve of the 16th and 17th centuries, which were of great importance to the Moscow Tsardom.
397-410
Dastan about Uraz-Muhammad Khan from the work of Kadyr-Ali bek as a source about the clans of the tatars of Kasimov
Abstract
Research objective: To reveal information about the ruling clans in the Kasimov Khanate based on information from the dastan about Uraz-Muhammad Khan in the work of Kadyr-Ali bek.
Research materials: The image of the throne in the dastan about Uraz-Muhammad is the only source about the names of clans among the beks of the Kasimov Khanate. The research uses acts and documents of management and record keeping, legends of the Tatars, genealogical lists, writings of eastern origin, and the results of genetic studies of
the Y-chromosome of the beks’ descendants.
Results: This article presents the results of long-term research in which, among the Kasimov Tatars, Karachi-beks who participated in the ceremony of enthroning Uraz-Muhammad to the Khan’s throne in 1600 were identified. Their family trees and origins have been explicated. Considering that the Kasimov Karachi-beks were representatives of the well-known Horde clans, we accordingly received an idea of the origin of some of the most powerful aristocratic non-Chingisid clans of the Jochid Ulus era. In addition, some plots on the history of the Meshchera Tatars associated with representatives of the studied clans are considered.
411-428
The history of the khan’s capital of Kasimov before the seventeenth century (based on materials from archaeological research)
Abstract
Research objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the history of the city of Kasimov, show its development, and explore the issues of chronology and localization of individual urban areas.
Research materials: Archaeological research data, written and cartographic sources, previously published works on this issue.
Results and scientific novelty: This article deals with the history of the medieval city of Kasimov. This was the capital of the Kasimov Khanate from the middle of the 15th to the end of the 17th centuries. The study is based on the results of archaeological excavations and extensive historical data. It provides a detailed analysis of the development of a medieval city from the pre-Mongolian center on the Volga-Oka trade route to the capital of the Kasimov Khanate. The author highlighted the areas that arose at different times. The Kasimov archaeological complex is historically associated with the pre-Mongol period in the city's history. At the end of the 13th century, the city was moved to the area of the Old Posad. In historical sources, it was called Gorodets Meshchersky (13th – the first half of the 16th centuries). Kasimov of the Khan's time (middle of the 15th – middle of the 16th century) was located in the same place. In historical sources, it was known as Tsarevichev Gorodok. Settlement in the area of Tatarskaya Gora and Tatarskaya Sloboda began later than the middle of the 16th century. The Khan’s mosque bilding was also built at the same time. The territory of the modern city center with the Kasimov Kremlin was being developed at the end of the 16th – beginning of the 17th century. The author has traced the continuity of the development of medieval settlements from the Kasimov archaeological complex (the ancient settlement of Zemlyanoy Strug, the settlement of Dorofeevo Pole of the 9th – 13th centuries) to the Gorodets Meshchersky (13th – the first half of the 15th century) and to the capital of the Kasimov Khanate and the modern city. The article establishes the time of formation of the historical core of the medieval city and the stages of development of territories on the basis of archaeological research.
429-442
Ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad Khan in the history of the Kazakh Khanate
Abstract
Research objectives: To consider information from historical sources about the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad khan and elucidate of their role in the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries.
Research materials: The work "Jami al-tawarikh" by Kadyr Ali-bek, medieval written historical sources, and historical research literature on the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries.
Results and scientific novelty: This paper presents information from historical sources about the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad Khan and shows the role of each of them in the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries. The name of his great-great-grandfather, Zhanibek Khan, was associated with education itself in the middle of the 15th century national state, the Kazakh Khanate. The great-grandfather of Uraz-Muhammad khan Zhadik-khan died in the struggle for the unification of the lands of the Kazakhs. His grandfather Shigai Khan, for a short time in the early 1580s, was the supreme ruler of the Kazakh Khanate. It is very important to note that Shigai Khan laid the foundation of the dynasty that ruled the Kazakhs for more than 200 years until the abolition of the khan's power by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The father of Uraz-Muhammad Khan Ondan-Sultan died defending the lands of the Kazakhs from the Kalmaks and had the honor of being buried in the Muslim shrine of the nomadic Turks –the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. In conclusion, it is clear that the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad played an important role in the history of the Kazakh Khanate.
443-452
Analysis of the reliability of Idegei’s “Kureish genealogy” from “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek and the treatise “On the clan of the Yusupov princes”
Abstract
Research objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the reliability of Idegei’s “Kureish genealogy” from the “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek and the treatise “On the family of the Yusupov princes”, as well as the reconstruction of Idegei’s genealogy according to all primary sources known to us.
Results and novelty of the research: The materials of the study comprise: “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek; the treatise “On the family of the Yusupov princes” which speaks of the Arab origins of Idegei from Baba Tukles Shashty Aziz, a descendant of Caliph Abu Bakr. However, there are other sources about his origin. Most alternative sources refer to him as originating from the Mongol tribe Mangyt, sometimes indicating the subgenus Ak Mangyt. In the Epic of the Forty Batyrs of Crimea, the genealogy is indicated up to a certain Anshibai, the father of Parparia, who is also known as Baba Tukles Shashty Aziz. In previous publications, we have put forward a hypothesis about the origin of Idegei from Yandzhi, the son of Kurmisha, whom we identified with Anshibai. In this article, this hypothesis is argued further and developed on the basis of data from the Arabic source, Zubdat al Fikr. The theory about the origin of Idegei from Emir Chagan of the Mangyt clan, who lived during the Mongol Empire, is substantiated. The subgenus Ak Mangyt (“White Mangyt”) in the Golden Horde could come from Chagan Noyan (a translation of the name that in Mongolian means “white”) from the clan Mangyt. This article also explains where Idegei’s “Kureish genealogy” came from.
453-462
Preservation of the historical memory of the Kasimov Tatars in the 1920s
Abstract
Research objectives: New publications on the medieval period led to a favorable development in the historiography of the Kasimov Tatars. The authors aims to analyze the factors and trends in the study of Kasimov Tatars history in the Soviet era, collecting and systematizing information about the Kasimov Museum of Local Lore’s formation in the 1920s of collections on the history of the Tatars of the Kasimov district of the Ryazan province as a material component of collective memory. Another aim is to show the interest of the Tatar public in the first Soviet years in preserving their historical and cultural heritage.
Research materials: This article is based on the analysis of archival sources, funds of the Kasimov Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve, and materials of the district newspaper «Krasny Voskhod».
Novelty of the research: Scientific novelty emerges from a comprehensive study of the formation in the first decade of Soviet power of a museum’s ethnographic collection about the lives and way of life of the Kasimov Tatars and its popularization among the Kasimov people.
Results of the research: As a result of the analysis of archival sources, periodical press materials, and collections from the funds of the Kasimov Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve, the formation of the Muslim (Tatar) department of the Museum of Local Lore is shown and conclusions are drawn about the origin of commemoration among the Kasimov Tatars as an important means of preserving and transmitting historical memory.
463-472
Tatar archaeographer Gali Rakhim on Kadyr Ali-bek’s “Jami‘ al-tawarikh”
Abstract
Research objectives: This article is about the study of the Tatar archaeographer G. Rakhim which was dedicated to “Jami‘ al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek, and which was published as a separate chapter in the third part of the “History of Tatar Literature”. This work, published in 1922–1923 in Kazan in the Tatar Arabic script, for various reasons was out of the field of view of researchers and until recently inaccessible to a wide range of scientists.
Research materials: The scientific work of G. Rakhim, an example of one of the first studies of the Modern period written in the traditions of European historiography, is distinguished by an original approach and depth of study to the undertaken subject. In this text, G. Rakhim analyzes the “Jami al-tawarikh” of Kadyr Ali-bek and makes a number of important conclusions. In general, G. Rakhim's work has independent significance as an important source for Tatar historiography.
Results and novelty of the research: This publication provides a brief overview of G. Rakhim's research, and also introduces the text of the work itself into scientific circulation for the first time via its translation into Russian.
473-482
Chronicle
“The significance of the Golden Horde for the history of Eurasia is no less than the significance of Byzantium”: in memory of Vadim Vintserovich Trepavlov (1960–2023)
Abstract
Research objectives: To consider the creative path and the main views of V.V. Trepavlov and his influence on the development of ideas about the ethnic history of the peoples of steppe Eurasia and the national policy of Russia during the Middle Ages and early Modern times.
Research materials: The authors in the article relied on numerous scientific publications by V.V. Trepavlov, as well as personal impressions of meetings with him in the process of working on various scientific projects and at scientific conferences.
Results and novelty of the research: The authors consider the formation of V.V. Trepavlov as a unique specialist who combined excellent source studies and deep knowledge of the history of the steppe peoples of Eurasia from the Mongolian Empire to Imperial Russia with the understanding that these were processes of constant interaction of socio-political and cultural-religious phenomena. His work became an event, because it was distinguished by a strict integrated approach to the problem under study using the entire range of sources, but also by an emphatically scientific approach, avoiding any politicization in every possible way. A stage in the scientific study of the medieval peoples of Eurasia was his work on the Nogai Horde, in which the author presented a complete and exhaustive description of this ethnopolitical formation. He applied this methodology to the study of the formation of a multinational and multi-confessional Russian state and the important role played in these processes by non-Russian peoples, primarily serving Tatars, emphasizing that the tsarist government underwent significant transformations in this process.
483-490
International Scientific Conference “View from the Kasimov Khanate. Kadyr Ali-bek: historical memory of the Turkic-Tatar history” (Kazan, March 2, 2023)
Abstract
On March 2, 2023, Kazan hosted the International Scientific Conference “View from the Kasimov Khanate. Kadyr Ali-bek: historical memory of the Turkic-Tatar history”. The organizers of this event were the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan, RF); the Department of Turkology of the Institute of Slavic, Turkic and Circum-Baltic Studies of the Johannes Gutenberg University (Mainz, Germany); the Kasimov Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve (Kasimov, RF); the International Public Organization “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde” (Kazan, RF); and the Institute for Research of the Great Steppe (Almaty, Kazakhstan).
The conference raised topical issues from the history of the Golden Horde and the post-Horde khanates with particular attention paid to the Kasimov Khanate and its Khan, Uraz-Muhammad. The main focus of the researchers was drawn to the work of Kadyr Ali-bek, his “Jami al-tawarikh”, which is still a valuable source for scholars from a wide range of fields.
A presentation for the release of the academic edition of the work of Kadyr Ali-bek and the Z.A. Khisamieva’s book “The language of the dastans of Kadyr Ali-bek” was held within the framework of the conference.
To date, the academic publication is the first and only one in which all known lists of “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek are collected, and their archaeographic description is also provided. In addition, this edition contains a critical text, transcription, and translation into Russian of the entire text. The work of Z.A.Khisamieva presents a linguo-textological study of the dastans of the work, owing to which the author was able to confirm that the work was originally written in the Old Tatar language.
491-494