卷 42, 编号 2 (2016)

Evaluation of bread wheat varieties carrying the wheat-rye translocation has been performed for the natural resistance of plants to leaf rust and powdery mildew. It has been revealed that such bread wheat varieties as Omskaya 37 and Omskaya 38 show a high field resistance to leaf rust and, in a varying degree, to powdery mildew. The breeding material has been evaluated for the resistance to Ug99 in Kenya. The resistant lines have been isolated and recommended for further selection. Based on the introgressive material, a number of commercial varieties (Pamyati Maystrenko and Omskaya 41) with the complex resistance to leaf pathogens and high adaptability to unfavorable abiotic factors of the environment have been created. Varieties with alien genetic materials have been involved in the hybridization for development of new promising lines.

Outlined are the results of the many years of studying the yielding capacity and biomass biochemical composition of the perspective sweet sorghum cultivar samples. For example, in the strictly dry year 2011, the experimental average yielding capacity dropped by 17.8%. High yielding capacity (18.9–24.5 ton/hectare) and significant nutrients’ content provide for the gross energy output at the level of 138.14–207.78 GJ/hectare, while the cultivation technology and harvesting costs are 16.7–21.7 GJ/hectare. High values of the energetic efficiency coefficient (5.5–8.3) allow considering the sweet sorghum as a basic crop culture for forage production in the arid Volga regions. High sugar content in the stem sap makes it possible for the sweet sorghum to serve the raw material source for the sugar-containing food product industry.

To investigate the impact of CaCl₂ concentrations and storage duration on quality of peach (Prunus persica), a research was conducted at postharvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during 2012–2013. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial arrangement repeated three times. The peach fruits (cv. Texas A 69) were harvested at physiological maturity stage from peach orchard, Horticulture Farm. The fruits were dipped in 0, 2 and 4% CaCl₂ solution for 10 min and transferred to cold storage having ±8–10°C with relative humidity of 80–85%. The application of CaCl₂ solution and storage duration significantly influenced the fruit quality of peach fruit. However, the application of CaCl₂ solution significantly reduced weight loss (4.98%), disease incidence (2.08%), total sugars (5.31%), TSS-Acid ratio (16.27), TSS(7.38⁰Brix) and increased the fruit firmness (2.21 kg cm^–2) titratable acidity (0.47%) and Ascorbic acid (5.35 mg/100 g) of peach fruits. The storage duration of peach fruit also significantly affected the fruit quality attributes during storage. The peach fruit stored for 30 days showed less fruit firmness (0.74 kg cm^–2) and titratable acidity (0.31%), Ascorbic acid (4.45 mg/100 g) and increased weight loss (19.74%), disease incidence (16.11%), total sugars (6.07%), TSSAcid ratio (27.62) and TSS(8.54⁰Brix) of peach fruit. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that the peach fruit should be treated with 4% CaCl₂ solution to retain the quality attributes for 30 days storage.

In 2013 and 2014, a Ug99 race virulent to the resistance gene Sr31 was revealed on spring bread wheat fields in Saratov oblast and its inoculum was collected under conditions of stem rust epiphytoties (with the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici acting as an agent). In March to April 2015, when a set of soft wheat lines was artificially inoculated in a climatic chamber, the virulence of the collected inoculum to gene Sr31 was confirmed, and four monopustular clones were isolated. Based on the isolated monopustular clones of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, an assessment for resistance of four lines of spring soft wheat to novel Sr-gene combinations was made.

The effect of different fertilizing systems on the content of humus in gray forest soils of the Opolie region has been studied during three cycles of eightand seven-course crop rotations. At the application of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers and without fertilization, the content of humus in the plow layer has decreased by 0.02% annually in the first rotation cycle and by 0.011% in the second and third cycles. In the first cycle, the addition of 1 t of litter manure and 1 kg of nitrogen increased the humus content by 55 and 9.8 kg, respectively; in the second and third cycles, the humus increment due to the organic and mineral fertilizers decreased by 2–3 times.

Monitoring sites were selected on characteristic areas in the influence zone of the system of Samur-Absheron channel (SAC) in connection with its reconstruction. According to the results of monitoring, eco-meliorative state of irrigated lands of these sites was evaluated. Recommendations were given for the improvement of meliorative state of irrigated lands of the areas under consideration. Samur-Absheron channel, which provides the cities of Baku and Sumgait, Absheron peninsula, and parts of the northern zone of the Republic, has been operated for more than 50 years uninterruptedly and without reparation. After the reconstruction of the system, the discharge of the channel will increase from 55 to 83.1 m³/s, and the irrigated area will increase from 149300 to 183500 hectares, in which connection eco-meliorative state of lands of the adjacent areas will change. As a result of monitoring carried out, it was determined that the waters are quite suitable for crop irrigation, do not cause soil salinity, and do not impair biological processes in plant development.

A more precise method of modeling of the long-term yield forecast by the example of spring wheat was used. The close connection of the long-term dynamics of the spring wheat yield is specified with the changes in time of the distance from the barycenter of the Solar system to the Earth, which permits using the value of the predictors beyond the available yield range. The necessity to consider the influence of the lag variables while developing the models of forecast of this index is shown. The methods of the standard multiple regression and regression in the neural networks are applied.

Research into the immune system status of bull sires is focused on finding the ways to enhance the breeding values of animals and to correct the innate resistance in the organism. The objective of the study was monitoring the immune system status indices and the correlations between them in various bull breeds. It was ascertained that there were more strong correlations between the immunological parameters in the beef bull sires compared with the dairy cattle.

Research findings in the phenotypic correlations of the live weight to the body measurements and the body conformation indices in the replacement young stock of the semicoarse wool sheep of the Aginskaya breed have been reported. It is ascertained that males surpass the females in the live weight and the body measurements. The calculation of the conformation indices has shown that the rams compared to the ewes are more massive, more compact, and wider, while the ewes differ in leg length and elongation. A high positive correlation between the live weight and the chest girth is established both in males and females (r = 0.751; r = 0.688, respectively). In ram lambs, a high positive correlation between the live weight and the measurements characterizing the meat quality of sheep (the depth, width, and girth of the chest; the width between hip bones) has been revealed.

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree of farm animal feed contamination with pathogenic microflora, microscopic fungi, and mycotoxins. Investigation of 16 types of farm animal feeds (barley, wheat, corn, pea, oat, grain mixture, scalpings, oilcakes, fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, combined feeds for pigs of different ages, combined feeds for poultry and cattle, feed additives, and premixes) from 175 farms of different regions of the Russian Federation in the period from 2006 to 2012 revealed the nature of their contamination with pathogenic microflora, microscopic fungi, and mycotoxins. This article provides methods of animal disease prevention when using feeds containing biological contaminants dangerous for animals’ health.

To study the possibility of using turpentine oil and other turpentines as adjuvants, the effects of aqueous lyosols of turpentine oil on the erythrocyte distribution by osmotic resistance were analyzed. In our study, differential osmoerythrograms obtained by modifying the Idelson’s approach to the erythrocyte osmotic resistance measurement were utilized. It was found that, when turpentine oil content in the lyosol was insufficient for direct hemolysis, four concentration zones with corresponding effects can be distinguished: I—<0.014 g/L; II—0.014–0.1 g/L; III—0.11–0.14 g/L; IV—>0.14 g/L. It was assumed that the detected effect will allow controlling the intravascular hemolysis when using terpenoids as adjuvants.

Electrization of particles of powder materials is a widely spread phenomenon that makes a practical impact on the functional efficiency of equipment designed for producing a broad range of processed disperse products (dry milk, flour, grain, etc.). The results of electrization tests of powder skim milk particles are presented. A mathematical model of inner and outer transfer of electric charge for a single powder skim milk particle is suggested. The studies on a specialized laboratory unit have made it possible to obtain data on triboelectric charging of particles in different testing conditions.

This article suggests a highly effective volatile inhibitor for anticorrosion protection of agricultural equipment stored in closed premises with a highly aggressive atmosphere. The protective efficiency of IFHAN-118 new-generation volatile inhibitor has been studied by weight corrosion tests and electrochemical potential dynamic measurements at corrosion of St3 steel and L62 brass in the atmosphere with 100% relative air humidity and in 0.1 M of NaCl solution. For 1360 hours of exposure to the environment, the rate of steel corrosion dropped hundredfold. The protective effect of the inhibitor on brass is much weaker. In different periods of exposure to the environment, the corrosion rate dropped 6.5-to-9-fold. In neutral 0.1 M NaCl solutions, IFHAN-118 significantly inhibits the anode reaction of metal ionization on steel. Applied to brass, IFHAN-118 also slows down the cathode recovery of dissolved oxygen (500 mg/L); this is the only cathode reaction in the studied conditions. As shown by polarization measurements, IFHAN-118 is an efficient corrosion inhibitor in animal farming premises, tropical and subtropical climate, and marine atmosphere, when the surface moisture phase film can be saturated with alkaline metal chlorides. The optimal inhibitor concentration on steel and brass surfaces is 150 and 5 mg/L, respectively.