Vol 42, No 1 (2016)

The study was carried out at the All-Russian Rice Research Institute, Belozerny, Krasnodar, Russia in 2009. The seeds of three varieties of winter wheat namely; Bat’ko, Deya and Krasnodarskaya 99 were grown in different concentrations of growth regulators namely; Furolan, (2-furyl-2)-1,3-dioxolane, gibberellins (plant hormone) and water as control. The influence of the growth regulators on seed germination energy and germinating power were determined. The effect of the regulators was higher in all the experimental variants than in the control. However, this increase was insignificant (LSD_0.05 = 6.88). Application of Furolan in concentration of 0.001 and 0.0001% in Deya’s variety decreased germination energy in comparison with that of concentration 0.01%. Weak concentration virtually did not stimulate germination energy of seeds. The different varieties investigated in this study showed very positive response to growth regulators at different stages of ontogenesis of the plants. The effect of the factor B (growth regulators) on the formation of sprout length was 11.7%. Interaction of factors A and B was very small; its effect was only 0.6%.

The influence of long-term fertilization on plant development and soil properties was investigated. Soil samples were taken from a long-term field experiment which was conducted for 5 years to explore the effect of three treatments: control (non-fertilization), conventional (mineral fertilizers—NPK), and alternative (organic fertilizers—farmyard manure). The highest values of plant yield and soil properties were found in the alternative fertilization system after the thirty year of its utilization. Conventional fertilization showed positive effects until the second year of its utilization where enhanced soil fertility (total nitrogen and available phosphorous content) and plant development (plant yield, plant dry biomass, plant phosphorous concentration, and plant nitrogen concentration). After the thirty year the conventional fertilization system showed lower values for these studied variables compared to alternative fertilization system. Our findings suggest that inputs of organic matter source can change positively the wheat growth and soil fertility, and these results highlight the importance of considering the long-term effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on these variables.

Sweet pepper varieties and hybrids have been identified with the perspective of production in the light chestnut soils in the Low Volga Area using a drip irrigation system. Seven varieties and eleven hybrids have been analyzed in the field experiment subjected to the levels of mineral nutrition and water use. The efficiency of a mineral fertilizer dose of N₁₈₀ in three split applications has been determined. Listed below are the hybrids and varieties best adapted to the typical conditions of the region: the Golden Zvezda Vostoka, Krasnaya Zvezda Vostoka, Zhyoltaya Zvezda Vostoka, Romeo, Moi General, and Pafos F₁ hybrids; the Lolita, Vityaz’, Galateya, Zor’ka, and Everest varieties, which produced yields of 127.4, 125.3, 102.2, 133.4, 107.2, 103.1, 11.8, 107.7, 90.6, 89.1, and 88.2 tons per hectare, respectively.

Lack of proper nutrition is one of the most serious problem across the globe, affecting majorly African countries, where many children died not only due to inadequate food but also as a result of insufficient nutrient in their diet. This research was aimed to study the proximate composition and screening of chemical components in different part of Moringa oleifera Lam. Proximate analysis was adapted from the standard methods developed by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). We have determined percentage of moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat and carbohydrate which were ranges from 8.1–4%, 5.59–9.28%, 11.70–26.57%, 21.03–44.27, 11.82–20.19 and 8.16–31.12% respectively. Different bioactive compounds of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins and saponin were determined. Different parts of plants accumulate different levels of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins and saponin. Our study suggest that Moringa oleifera can served as a good supplement to our nutrition, due to high content of fibre, protein, fat. However intake of Moringa plant might reduce the risk of many oxidative related problems due to the present of some polyphenols and flavonoid in almost all part of the plant used.

Biological, physical, chemical, and antigenic characteristics of a potato virus Y are investigated. Significant strain diversity of this pathogen is found in the Far East of Russia. There are ten strains affecting potato and weeds. It is shown that PVYntm strain has a remote immunochemical affinity with common PVY strain. In the Far East of Russia, the most widespread aphid vectors of this virus are Myzus percicae Sulz., Aulacorthum solani Kalt., and Aphis gossypii Glov.

The responsiveness of common vetch varieties to inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar-viciae of different genotypes and applications of molybdenum and boron micronutrients has been revealed. It is shown that the effect of interactions between molybdenum and boron on the plants at the joint application is nonadditive. The artificial colonization of seeds by the complementary strains of root nodule bacteria and the molybdenum treatment are expedient to increase the efficiency of the symbiotic interactions between rhizobia and common vetch varieties. Inoculation with strain no. 145 and supplementation with molybdenum improved the seed yields of the common vetch Valentina and Lugovskaya-98 varieties by 20% and 17%, respectively.

The practicability of LPB application in the capacity of a fertilizing agent was demonstrated in the model experiment. The most significant effect of LPB introduction was reached on the soil of lightweight granulometric composition. Statistical analysis of the data obtained in the experiment confirmed that mobile phosphorus accumulated and phosphate mobilizing microbiota developed in the soil.

Molecular biology techniques provided the data on the composition of the metagenome of the prokaryotic community of chernozem soils with different anthropogenic loads by means of sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The family markers that characterize the arable soil, fertilizers, and fallow soil were identified. The presence of a core (conservative) and accessory (labile and associated with soil processes or the conditions of the habitat of microorganisms) components of chernozem soils were detected.

The preferential distribution of soddy podburs on loose sandy sediments of different genesis, as well as the possibility of their formation on loess-like carbonate rocks and, in rare cases, on the eluvium of metamorphic biotite–chlorite shales, has been revealed. The differences in the microstructure, composition, and properties of soils are due to the impact of different soil-forming rocks. The results of study will contribute to the classification of regional soils and the optimization of forest and agricultural land use.

The experiments were performed within a 20-year-long period in six variants, including the cultivation of cotton monoculture in four crop rotations without fertilizers and with application of mineral fertilizers and manure. The content of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium in the plow layer and in the entire soil profile (to a depth of 150 cm) was the highest in the cotton–lucerne–cereal crop rotation with application of mineral and organic fertilizers. The productivity of raw cotton in this variant of the experiment was 3.17 t/ha in the first decade and 2.56 t/ha in the second decade.

This paper shows the directions of optimization and methods for determining the ecological and economic parameters that characterize the protective properties of crop rotations in areas with dust storms. The calculation algorithm, mathematical apparatus, and information-reference base are given. Their application permits crop rotations to be formed as early as the stage of design with the least loss of soil and costs for fertility restoration.

The results are obtained by simultaneous diagnostics of mutant CV- and BL-alleles. Five groups of animals–carriers and noncarriers of mutations are identified. In Russia the mutant CV-alleles are met more frequently because of the intensive use of their carriers. While elimination of BL-allele was started earlier due to developed methods, the diagnostics of CV-mutations has been undertaken later. Propagation of missense-mutations in the world and the Russian Federation has been occurring through the breeding bulls and cows–carriers. Initially spermobanks and, afterwards, cows were reserves for the diagnosed BLand CV-mutations.

Results of comparative study of efficiency of antistress pharmacological means during debeaking of chickens are presented, and ratios of heterophil to lymphocytes blood, oxidizing modifications of proteins and concentration of ceruloplasmin in blood plasma, and safety and gain of body weight of chickens are studied. Way of prevention of the stress developing after debeaking of chickens at 5–6 days, including use of the developed pharmacological compositions of the SM-complex from birth to 10-days of age daily with water in a dose of 300 mg/kg of body weight within the first 7 days of life of chickens and the SPAO-complex in a dose of 240 mg/kg of body weight with water, according to the scheme 2 days prior to debeaking, on the day of debeaking, and within 2 days after operation and vitamin K with forage in a dose of 100 mg within 4 days; beginning application 3 days before debeaking allows to effectively prevent stress, to lower withdrawal of chickens, and to raise an average daily gain of body weight.

One of the promising directions in the development of the vaccine adjuvants is the development of ultra-disperse aqueous lyosols from different turpentines. The purpose of the study is to develop technology for obtaining stable aqueous lyosols of triterpenes with an adjustable dispersion degree. A special stand is given for the development of this technology; technological modes and methodological techniques, making it possible to obtain stable lyosols of triterpenes in aqueous media without emulsifies, were described. This allows researching triterpenes as vaccine adjuvants.

This article covers the main steps of development of the technology for processing animal and poultry waste: mechanical modeling, physical modeling, and testing in a production environment. It provides a process diagram and basic parameters of the technology. A formula for the mixture compound calculation has been produced. Control methodology and process techniques for acceleration of the fermentation process have been developed.

This article describes the results of studies aimed at the development of new regimes of heat sterilization for canned products that provide the most efficient preservation of biologically active components of raw materials. Preliminary warming of fruits in cans using electromagnetic super-high-frequency field before pouring the syrup decreases the duration of heat sterilization regimes and promotes saving of heat energy by pouring higher temperature syrup into the cans. We have listed the regimes of cherry compote heat sterilization with the application of a new process approach—preliminary heating of the product before sterilization. As result, the content of vitamin C is twice as high compared to the use of conventional technology, and the product’s organoleptic rating is higher by 0.04 and 0.09.