Complete Study of Nature and Importance of Spectral Bands Contained in Infrared Spectra of Leaves of Maize Inbred Lines with Significant Breeding Properties

In this article we used the method of IR spectroscopy to identify bioactive organic compounds and their structural characteristics in the leaves of maize inbred lines ZPPL 186, ZPPL 225 and M1-3-3 Sdms based on a standard study of high intensity high-amplitude spectral bands and based on attempt-study of hypothetically influential low intensity low-amplitude spectral bands. The made assumption was that numerous spectral bands, not analyzed yet, but occurring in different kinetic forms should be systematically analyzed and the dynamics of their formation caused by different oscillations and vibrations of molecular bonds of organic compounds and their functional groups should be proven. Low intensity spectral bands imply unstable state of the biological system (leaf), which is a consequence of the excited state of molecules, radicals, atoms or ions in tissues, cells or biomembranes. Similar transport processes occur when biological systems are rhythmically stimulated, as well as in the case of a complex ion transport across the excited thylakoid membrane. These bands most frequently occurred in the wave number range of 500–1600 cm^–1; they appeared in several spots in wave number ranges up to 3000 cm^–1. Amines, primary and secondary amides, proteins, amino acids, alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, ethers, alcohols, sulfides, mono- and polysaccharides were identified in leaves of inbred lines. The analysis of spectral bands showed that the most intensive was the inbred line ZPPL 186, then the ZPPL M1-3-3 Sdms, while the lowest intensity was detected in ZPPL 225. Thus, by overall study it is possible to identify not only organic compounds and their structures in leaves of inbred lines, but also to indicate the possibility of causing an unstable and conformational state in them.