Effect of the Microbiological Fertilizer Extrasol on the Growth, Development of Tobacco and the Smoking Advantages of Raw Materials

To curb the degradation processes in the permanent nutrient mixture in the greenhouse when growing tobacco seedlings, it is advisable to use microbiological fertilizers that promote plant growth and plant resistance to diseases. The effect of the microbiological fertilizer Extrasol on a nutrient mixture and tobacco plants of the Virginia 202 variety was evaluated. For the period 2023–2024 it was found that pre-sowing soaking of tobacco seeds in an aqueous solution of the biopreparation Extrasol at a concentration of 0.1% and 3-fold application of this fertilizer with an interval of 10–14 days in the same concentration in the amount of 1.0 l/m² contributed to an increase in the length of tobacco plants to the point of growth by 16%, to the end of elongated leaves – by 13%, weight above–ground part of plants – by 12%, root mass – by 20%. An increase in the yield of standard seedlings by the optimal planting time in the field by 29% was determined. This scheme of application of Extrasol fertilizer 30 days after the experiment improved the agrochemical background in the greenhouse. The intensity of nitrification increased by 21%, the activity of cellulose–destroying microorganisms increased by 33%, and the production of carbon dioxide or “respiration” of the soil increased by 33%. The humus content increased by 3.0%. The content of the main nutrients increased: ammonium nitrogen – by 13, nitrate – by 10, available phosphorus – by 17, exchangeable potassium – by 15%. The fungicidal effect of Extrasol was manifested by the absence of tobacco damage by seedling rot. The strong tobacco plants planted in the field from the background, where a 0.1% solution of Extrasol was used (prolonged effect of high-quality seedlings), differed in height from the control plants by 13% by the end of the growing season, in leaf area by 29, in yield by 19, and in leaf materiality by 24%. There is a tendency to improve the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials by increasing the carbohydrate content and reducing the amount of proteins.