The spectrum of sensitization in children with respiratory allergic diseases living in the Rostov region, according to molecular allergodiagnostics

BACKGROUND: Currently, allergopathology is a global problem all over the world. Due to the widespread occurrence of respiratory allergic diseases, it is of particular interest to study the regional spectrum of sensitization of the population using a modern method-molecular allergodiagnostics. This will help doctors and patients not only identify major allergens, but also competently develop allergen-specific immunotherapy programs.

AIM: To determine the profile (spectrum) of sensitization in children with allergies living in the Rostov region by the method of molecular allergodiagnostics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open multicenter prospective controlled non-randomized study included 67 children with respiratory allergic diseases living in the Rostov region. The patients were examined using the Allergy Explorer 2 (ALEX2) allergy chip. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and Statistica 12.0 for Windows software package.

RESULTS: According to the conducted studies, it was found that the most common sensitization in children of the Rostov region is caused by weed pollen, pet allergens, pollen of trees, cereals, fruits, mold and yeast fungi, class 4 sensitization was also noted to uteroglobin and lipocalin. Molecular analysis showed that an allergic reaction to ragweed pollen prevailed among pollen allergens ― the allergocomponent Amb a 1 caused sensitization in 27 (40.3%) children, and nettle Ur d ― 23 (34.33%) of the examined. The analysis of the allergen components of tree pollen showed that the most common positive reaction was to date palm (22.39%), cryptomeria japonica (19.4%), while only 6 (8.96%) patients had a “true” allergy to birch pollen (positive component Bet v 1). If we talk about sensitization to house dust mites and mold allergens, it should be noted that the molecules Alternaria alternata (20.89%), Blomia tropicalis (23.88%) and Glycyphagus domesticus (23.88%) prevailed in the spectrum of this group of allergens.

CONCLUSION: In the course of the study, it was found that most often in children of the Rostov region with respiratory allergic diseases, sensitization to weed pollen was determined. This study allowed not only to determine the class of sensitization, but also to identify the allergen components that play a leading role in the development of pathology.