No 3 (2023)

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental study of the problem relevant for pedagogy and speech therapy. Its relevance is associated with an increase in the number of bilingual children who have problems in mastering the school curriculum. Theoretical analysis of the problem allowed us to state the contradiction between the need to overcome the difficulties of mastering the laws of the Russian language by bilingual children and the insufficient development of a systematic approach to understanding and studying the mechanisms of speech competence and the search for effective technologies to overcome it, taking into account its determining factors. The results of a comparative experimental study indicate difficulties in teaching students with bilingualism, the different nature of these difficulties and the need for special correctional assistance. Pedagogically organized inclusion of children of grades 3–4 with bilingualism in the system of speech therapy through a purposefully organized educational space of interacting subjects: speech therapist, teacher and parents is considered as a condition for overcoming learning difficulties. The features of the content of speech therapy work with bilinguals are considered from the standpoint of taking into account the similarities and differences of the two language systems in which the child exists and learns, understanding the mechanism of difficulties in mastering the language in which the training is conducted. For this purpose, the lessons include generalized schemes aimed at forming an associative connection of the transition from one language to another. The study implements a psycholinguistic approach to the study and implementation of speech pedagogical assistance to primary school children with bilingualism.

To solve the problems of professional self-determination, it is important to identify the interests of pupils, carry out work on career guidance, help determine how to choose a profession and become a professional. Children studying in boarding schools have their own individual characteristics, so traditional vocational guidance programs require adjustment, the use of different forms of work. Relevant is the definition of the content and forms of professional self-determination, through a professional test, which involves the inclusion of a student in professional activities. When using a professional test, not only acquaintance with the content of the future profession occurs, but also the alignment of an individual trajectory of self-development. The study was conducted on the basis of GU TO SRTSN No. 4, Shchekino, Tula Region. The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the organization of professional tests of students in boarding schools. Theoretical, empirical methods and data processing methods are used. The diagnostic program included a questionnaire to identify readiness to choose a profession (V. B. Uspensky), a differential diagnostic questionnaire (E. A. Klimov), “Motives for choosing a profession” (S. S. Grinshpun), “Profession choice matrix” (G. V. Rezapkina), “Communicative and organizational inclinations” (V. V. Sinyavsky, V. A. Fedoroshin). A program of psychological and pedagogical support for professional self-determination of students was compiled and tested using professional tests. The result of the professional tests was an acquaintance with the world of professions in the Tula region, the development of individual characteristics, the definition of preferred areas of work, motives for choosing a profession, gaining practical experience in a specific professional activity. This orientation contributes to the successful choice of the trajectory of further education and the creation of conditions for increasing the readiness of students for professional self-determination, the formation of professionally significant qualities.

The article considers the possibility of using methodological potential of concrete poetry for writing development in foreign language teaching at universities. The two-stage experiment of employing concrete poetry texts for teaching writing in German consisted of the reproductive stage and the productive stage. The teaching of creating poetic works was based on “from simple to complex” principle. At the reproductive stage students got acquainted with the genre of concrete poetry: its definition, history, traditions and the most prominent concrete poets. They focused on the original poetic work, imitated its structure. At the productive stage students created poetic works of their own. A survey was conducted among 3d and 4th year students majoring in Linguistics at the Department for the Humanities at Novosibirsk State Technical University. The paper gives recommendations on how to use concrete poetry texts in teaching writing skills at German lessons, provides examples of student’s works. Finally, the key findings are analyzed. The main purpose of the experiment is achieved: the methodological potential of concrete poetry is unleashed. The use of concrete poetry texts makes it possible to improve students’ motivation for writing in a foreign language, to develop creative skills, self-expression and self-knowledge and make writing in a foreign language more expressive and original.

In St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions, bachelors are being trained in the direction of training “Economics”. This paper deals with presenting of the process of development by the author of an electronic course in the discipline “Informatics”. Our e-course was developed and designed taking into account the previously published results. The relevance of scientific research subject is confirmed by the content of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education of higher education, according to which training using of modern information technologies is included in the mandatory part of the curriculum in the areas of training “Economics”. Office information technologies and phygital technologies are widely used by economists in their professional activities. It is necessary to take into account the types of activities specified in the standards that future economists should be ready to carry out: settlement and economic, analytical, research, organizational and management, pedagogical, accounting, settlement and financial, banking and insurance. Let us clarify that one of the leading areas characteristic of the analytical type of activity is search for information on the received task, collection and analysis of data necessary for specific economic calculations for economists. In the course of teaching the discipline “Informatics” of disciplines, students form the following competencies that determine the abilities of future economists to various types of activities using information technologies (primarily office software and electronic document management). In the course of our research, we study how to form these competencies. Material and methods: analysis of scientific literature, development of electronic courses for students of the Faculty of Economics; designing an electronic course in computer science, summarizing the results of teaching the discipline. In the course of our research, we consider the process of formation of competencies among students in the course of teaching the discipline “Informatics” and the relationship with the above disciplines. The sequence of teaching discipline to students of the Economics Faculty will be discussed. The object of our research is training students of the Economics faculty for using of modern information technologies. The subject of our research is the process of using electronic courses and distance learning systems during the teaching of the Informatics discipline. The purpose of this research is studying of the peculiarities distance learning tools and phygital-technologies using during training of economists. This work is aimed at developing and updating educational and methodological materials in the discipline “Informatics”, taking into account the modern features of information technologies. The novelty of the presented results lies in the author’s approach to designing the structure of the e-course and developing updated theoretical materials on the discipline, taking into account new versions of using software. The author, based on his own experience and generalization of the materials of the teachers of the department, developed educational and methodological materials on the discipline “Informatics”, designed to train future economists and managers. The results of teaching the discipline in the 2021/22 academic year for group of 1st year undergraduate students were summarized. Updating the educational and methodological materials on the above disciplines in an electronic course, taking into account the development of modern software tools and phygital technologies application in the trading. In the modern world, there is a contradiction between the need to prepare future economists for the use of modern office and phygital technologies in professional activities and the obsolescence of the developed educational and methodological materials on computer science and information technology. To solve this contradiction, modern educational and methodological materials on the discipline “Informatics” need to be developing and e-course constantly updating. This paper deals with the describing of the developed e-course structure and statistical data obtained from the results of checking students’ answers summarizing, prepared based on the results of completing tasks. In the future, we are planning to improve our e-course structure, taking into account modern trends in the digitalization of education and software.

The substantiation of the relevance of the anthropological approach in the study of the problems of vocational education has been carried out. The material was the results of theoretical studies of specialists in the ethnography of professions, cultural anthropology, and the theory of education. Their analysis served as the basis for putting forward the humanitarian-anthropological approach as a methodology consistent with the subject of the study of professional education – professional culture, methods and forms of its development. In the domestic cultural and historical tradition, the professions of a doctor, teacher, soldier, policeman, and rescuer belong to the professions of service. This means that for full self-realization in them, a person needs to overcome selfishness and consumerism, to master the values of self-sacrifice and compassion. The transformation of the value foundations of public life, the rejection of the priority of upbringing in the process of education in post-perestroika Russia led to the ambiguous acceptance by young citizens of the modern state strategy aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the younger generation. The idea of repeatedly changing professions has led to the loss of the high value of professionalism. The anthropological turn in vocational education draws attention to the subject of professional education – the development of professional culture. In this regard, the author proposes a humanitarian-anthropological approach as a methodology for her research. On its basis, this concept is clarified as a “culture of the professional community”, anthropological practices are defined as a way of professional education. In the reflexive environment of the event community, there is an understanding of cultural texts that describe the life structure of figures oriented by its values, which contributes to the formation of a professional position. The risks of using this approach are identified, consisting in the inability of modern young people to carry out text work, loss of motivation, refusal to understand the profession as a way of self-realization for life. Higher education is an integral part of adult education, in which theorists substantiate the need for pedagogical support for the search for the meaning of life, which in the national cultural and historical tradition is inextricably linked with the chosen profession. The humanitarian-anthropological approach is defined as a methodology that allows organizing the conditions for the development of the value-semantic sphere of future representatives of the professions of service.

The expediency of continuous professional development of teachers is updated, it is recommended to implement training in practice-oriented forms. The expediency of organizing the exchange of knowledge between teachers is indicated, their difficulties in this process are noted. It is recommended to use the case method to intensify the exchange of knowledge between teachers. A review of scientific research is carried out, revealing the prospects for the use of the case method in advanced training of teachers. A goal is set that involves describing the use of the case method to intensify the exchange of knowledge between teachers in a general education organization. There are three categories of cases recommended for research and solution by teachers of educational organizations: a) cases that reveal the features of the formation of functional literacy of students; b) cases showing the nature of the implementation of educational work with modern schoolchildren; c) cases aimed at assisting teachers in mastering the psychological and pedagogical knowledge of teachers in preventive work with difficult contingents of students. The content of each group is described, an algorithm for solving cases aimed at expanding the psychological and pedagogical knowledge of teachers in institutions of additional professional education is proposed. The theoretical value of the study lies in the description of the methods of continuous training of teachers, enriching the possibilities of continuous education of teaching staff. The practical significance of the article lies in the characterization of cases that ensure the intensification of the professional interaction of teachers, both within the framework of intraorganizational training and in the system of advanced training of teaching staff.

The article shows the need for the formation of assertive behavior of students in the direction of training “State and municipal management” in order to increase confidence, professionalism and competitiveness of the individual. Assertive behavior is considered by many authors to be direct, open behavior that is not intended to harm other people. Despite different approaches to its understanding and definition, researchers identify its key characteristics, such as self-confidence, achieving their goals, making independent decisions, respect for others and for themselves, independent behavior, openness in communication, respect for rights, equal open communication, etc. Based on the analysis of the results of the study obtained according to the methods: “Study of the level of assertiveness” by V. Kapponi, T. Novak, Questionnaire “Autonomy-dependence” G. S. Prygin, “Diagnosis of selfconfidence” B. D. Karvasarsky, it was concluded that during training at the university students do not acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities that contribute to the formation of a sufficiently high level of autonomy, confidence, and, ultimately, assertive behavior for the successful implementation of future professional activities. The negative dynamics of the studied indicators indicates the need to introduce into the learning process at the university a program aimed at the formation of assertive behavior, which will allow to refract the situation for the better and prepare state and municipal employees who are able to manage their emotional behavior, calmly and carefully make decisions, effectively interact with citizens and colleagues, achieve their goals, demonstrate confidence and independence of conduct.

In modern historical and psychological research carried out in line with post-non-classical methodology, there is a need to move cognitive landmarks: from directions, schools, research programs, concepts of a certain historical period in the development of psychological science to the ways of thinking implemented in them and types of rationality; from a monological, retrospective description of the processes of formation and transformation of the conceptual apparatus of a particular psychological school to a reflexive-dialogical reconstruction of the conceptual heritage of eternally relevant scientists, in the light of today and tomorrow in the development of psychology; from the usual thematic headings and sections of psychological knowledge to the areas of “overlapping” (metaphor V. E. Klochko) of different types of scientific rationality, within the moving boundaries of which the processes of “rebirth of the scientific fabric” (metaphor L. S. Vygotsky) of psychology were most actively and fruitfully going; from well-known and recognized theories to concepts that were previously recognized as peripheral or even marginal, but containing underestimated heuristic potential; from the traditions of adaptation in psychology of natural-science explanatory schemes to the assimilation by scientists-psychologists of the philosophical and ideological heritage and the descriptive potential of literature and art. In order to compare the traditional and post-non-classical views on historical and psychological research, the author proposes the metaphors of “restoration” and “renaissance”, which illustrate different approaches to the reconstruction of historical forms of scientific thought: the preservation of the conceptual “monuments” of psychological science and the meaningful reconstruction of the conceptual heritage of psychology with a constructive revision its heuristic potential. The effectiveness of the application of transspective analysis (developed by V. E. Klochko) in historical and psychological research is substantiated, since it allows: to overcome the rigid conceptual boundaries of conditionally closed scientific systems and schools; to understand the natural tendencies of the complication of psychological knowledge, taking into account the tendencies of changing the types of scientific rationality; to model the possible communication of such psychological concepts, between which there are significant temporal or paradigmatic distances; to simulate an incessant dialogue and confrontation of scientists whose scientific views were conceptually consonant, despite the fact that they were not contemporaries or, being contemporaries, for various reasons, were not clear representatives of one opponent circle.

As one of the three newly added sub-systems in China’s new era of ideological and political education, psychological education is a distinctive feature of the current mental health education work in Chinese universities, which contains three theoretical foundations: the theory of man’s free and allround development, the development theory of Humanistic Psychology, and the theory of happiness in positive psychology. Only by fully sorting out and excavating its theoretical basis and current value pursuit, and providing a strong theoretical basis for the development of mental health education in universities (hereinafter referred to as “university”), can it truly play a guiding role in practice.