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Vol 43, No 2 (2017)

Crop Research

Interactive effects of UV-B radiation and salicylic acid on Vigna radiata L.

Bano C., Singh N.B., Sunaina .

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the physiological responses of Vigna radiata L. to UV-B radiation and salicylic acid (SA) alone and in combination. The exposure of the seedlings to UV-B radiation significantly reduced biophysical parameters. The pigments viz., chlorophylls and carotenoids and protein decreased while sugar content increased in the seedlings on UV-B exposure. UV-B stress increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. SA appears to mitigate the adverse effect of UV-B radiation on the growth and metabolism of Vigna seedlings.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):128-133
pages 128-133 views

Diversity of Dagestan barleys for the duration of the period between shooting and earing stages and alleles in the Ppd-H1 and Ppd-H2 loci

Abdullaev R.A., Alpatieva N.V., Zveinek I.A., Batasheva B.A., Anisimova I.N., Radchenko E.E.

Abstract

The duration of the shooting–earing period of 265 barley samples from Dagestan was studied. During the 3 years of study at the Dagestan Experimental Station of VIR (Derbent), fast-ripening samples k-15008 and k-15013 were identified. Evaluation of spring forms in the northwestern region of the country made it possible to identify sample k-15027, which had a high rate of development over 2 years. It was found that Dagestan barleys are strongly influenced by growing conditions; that is, they have a high rate of response. Vernalization temperatures, short photoperiod, and high temperatures during the growing season contribute to fast barley ripening. Using molecular markers, the allelic diversity of genes Ppd-H1 and Ppd-H2, which are involved in the control of the duration of the shooting–earing period, was investigated. Most samples of local forms of barley carry dominant allele Ppd-H2, which causes early earing under short photoperiod. Translocation of the studied barley group to unusual conditions of northwest Russia leads to significant delay in plant development.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):99-103
pages 99-103 views

Moisture supply for winter wheat plantings after bare fallow and bastard fallow under arid conditions

Morozov N.A., Khripunov A.I., Kulintsev V.V., Godunova E.I., Likhodievskaya S.A.

Abstract

From 1972 to 2015, stocks of productive moisture were determined in the 1-m-deep soil layer during different periods of plant growth and development at Prikumsk Experimental and Selection Station in a six-course rotation: bare fallow–winter wheat–winter wheat–corn to green fodder–winter wheat–spring barley. Analysis of moisture supply for crops in the arid area showed that bare fallows provide the emergence of seedlings in 62% of years, while repeated winter wheat plantings yield seedlings in 22.8% of years. As the amount of autumn precipitation increased, the relative productivity advantage of winter wheat after bare fallow decreased from 99.4 to 43.2%. By spring, the stocks of productive moisture were 37.7% higher and the productivity was 73.5%, or 1.75 t/ha, higher after bare fallow than after bastard fallow.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):104-107
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Influence of fertilizers on crop yield of modern buckwheat varieties of various morphotypes

Fesenko A.N., Mazalov V.I.

Abstract

In 2012–2014, the crop yield and response to presowing application of mineral fertilizers (NPK)45 of 19 buckwheat varieties of various morphotypes were studied. The crop yield of the Bogatyr standard variety at natural fertility and application of fertilizers was statistically surpassed by such determinant varieties as Dozhdik, Devyatka, Dikul, Dialog, Design (the grain harvest increment was 0.30–0.42 t/ha) and Dozhdik, Devyatka, Dikul, Dialog, Design, Temp (by 0.40–0.63 t/ha). The Temp and Dialog short-stalk varieties showed the best response to application of mineral fertilizers: their productivity increased by 15%.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):108-112
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Canola yield and quality enhanced with sulphur fertilization

Imran ., Khan A.A.

Abstract

Canola cultivars positively responded to sulphur fertilization in term of seed yield and oil quality. Oscar cultivar increased seed yield 53% as compared to control plots. Sulphur @ 45 kg ha–1 increased seed yield, biological yield, and quality of rapeseed. Number of days to flowering (76), number of pods plant–1 (372), number of seeds pod–1 (24), plant height (173 cm), biological yield (15547 kg ha–1), seed yield (2209 kg ha–1), harvest index (19%), glucosinolate (μmol g–1) content (31.03 μmol g–1) and oil content (45.81%) was enhanced significantly with sulphur treated @ 45 kg ha–1 applied plots as compared to delayed flowering (78 days), shortest plant (151 cm), pods formation (298 pods), seed pod–1 (21), biological yield (11090 kg ha–1), seed yield (1436 kg ha–1), and oil content (42.62%) in control plots. Among cultivars “Oscar” ranked first in different growth stages and attain more plant height (164 cm), and examined substantial number of pods plant–1 (359), seeds pod–1 (24), seed yield (2005 kg ha–1), biological yield (14298 kg ha–1), harvest index 17%, and oil content (46.29%) as compared to other sowed cultivars. On the basis of the result it is recommended that cultivar “Oscar” treated with sulphur @ 45 kg ha–1 should be applied for higher yield and quality of rapeseed under the agro-climatic condition of swat valley.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):113-119
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Sinap Orlovsky triploid apple cultivar: Its origin and cytoembryological characteristic

Serova Z.M., Gorbacheva N.G., Galasheva A.M., Yanchuk T.V., Pikunova A.V., Van de Veg E., Sedov E.N., Sedysheva G.A., Krasova N.G.

Abstract

This paper gives the development history of the best apple cultivar of the temperate zone of Russia— the Sinap Orlovsky apple cultivar with fruit of a long storage life, which has hitherto been considered to be a diploid one. The assumption of its triploidy has come into existence due to DNA-markers. Cytoembryological studies showed in 2016 that the cultivar was a triploid. It is characterized by vigorousness and regular fruit bearing. The long-term experimental data show that the cultivar is of little promise as an initial form for the development of a large hybrid fund owing to its low fruit output, hybrid seeds, and one-year seedlings relative to pollinated flowers in case of its being used as a maternal and paternal parent.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):120-124
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Variable chlorophyll fluorescence of apple skin during ripening and storage

Rodikov S.A.

Abstract

This paper considers the method of control over apple maturation in an orchard based on the photosynthetic activity measured by the variation of induction of chlorophyll fluorescence in the apple skin. It is shown that the highest information value is inherent to the shadow side of the apple fruit, where the variation of induction of chlorophyll shows the rate of apple maturity, whereas the photosynthetic activity on the sun side is minimal due to the almost complete absence of chlorophyll. During maturation in the orchard, there are seven-day periods related to endogenous physiological processes that take place in the fruit independently of external factors. The revealed mechanism will make it possible to develop the method for determination of optimum harvest date in the orchard as well as to control fruit ripening during storage at low temperatures.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):125-127
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Selenium enriched Garden gress (Lepidium sativum L.): Role of antioxidants and stress markers

Praveen A., Pandey C., Khan E., Gupta M.

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is considered as an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. Sprouts of Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) were treated with different concentration of Se, growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes and stress markers were studied. 10 μM Se would be more beneficial, as at this concentration it showed altered biochemical traits without showing any toxicity symptoms.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):134-137
pages 134-137 views

Microbiology

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi- as a major biocontrol agent in modern sustainable agriculture system

Dar M.H., Reshi Z.A.

Abstract

In the present agricultural system, the discriminate use of synthetic chemical fertilizers has predominantly increased throughout the world. Moreover, using excessive use of fertilizers to increase production deteriorates the various soil qualities and pollute water body environment. So using VAM fungi as a biocontrol agent in modern sustainable agriculture, in terms of various parameters like reduction of damage caused by various pathogens, cost effectiveness, energy saving and also as an environment friendly, is a promising perspective in modern agriculture. Also control of plant pathogens in modern agriculture is presently accepted as a key practice in sustainable agriculture because it is based on the management of certain rhizosphere organisms, common components of ecosystems, known to develop antagonistic activities against harmful organisms. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere and various other soil constituents. Upon root colonization by VAMF, there occurs profound physiological changes in the host plant. Present agriculture system increasing demand for low-input agriculture and creates greater interest in soil microorganisms which are able to accelerate plant nutrition, health and improve soil quality. The importance of VAM in incresaing food production is far and wide; therefore these can be used in modern sustainable agriculture particulary as biocontrol agent. This review highlights the different interactions of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (VAMF) and the rule of these interactions in the biological control of plant pathogens. But the commercial use of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (VAMF) as biocontrol agents is still in its infancy. The main reason is the poor understanding of the mechanisms of the modes of action of VAM fungi in association with the host plants.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):138-143
pages 138-143 views

Photosynthetic ability of Horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc] plants in response to metal stress

Prabhavati E., Vishnuvardhan Z., Mallaiah K.V.

Abstract

The effects of heavy metals' stress like aluminium (Al), bismuth (Bi), lithium (Li) and nickel (Ni) on photosynthetic ability of Horse gram plants inoculated with the four metal tolerant rhizobial strains were studied. Horse gram plants can grow in Al contaminated soils up to 400 μg g–1, at this concentration also they have shown maximum PS ability than in uninoculated plants when they were inoculated with the strain HGR-13. In soils containing Bi, the rate of PS increased up to 200 μg g–1 with the strain HGR-13 and 400 μg g–1 with the strain HGR-25. Li has shown significant changes on PS ability of horse gram plants. The PS ability of these plants increased with the strain HGR-6 up to 30 μg g–1 only. The plants inoculated with the strains HGR-4, 6 and 25 along with uninoculated plants have shown their maximum PS ability at 80 μg g–1 of Ni. The net PS ability of HGR-4 and HGR-6 was maximum than uninoculated plants. In conclusion, these plants were able to grow in Al, Bi, Li and Ni contaminated soils. The metal tolerant rhizobial strains enhanced the PS ability of horse gram plants when they were inoculated in metal contaminated soils. Horse gram plants and the rhizobia associated with it besides having the nitrogen fixing ability, also have heavy metal tolerance. So, it is concluded that horse gram plants can be used as reclamation agents and phytoremediation.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):144-148
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Plant Protection

Screening of okra varieties resistance against insect pests under agro climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

Hafeez-ur-Rehman ., Ayyaz M., Nadeem M., Begum H.A.

Abstract

The present study was conducted to screen four okra varieties (Sabz Pari, Sada Bahar, Pusa Sawani, Arka Anamika) against bollworm, whitefly and jassid under field conditions during 2011. It was concluded that none of the tested variety had resistance against okra fruit borer. However, these varieties showed some degree of resistance against sucking insect pests. Okra variety Sada Bahar was less infested with jassid (1.30/leaf) and whitefly (5.36/leaf) compared to other tested varieties and resulted in maximum yield (1529.62 kgha–1). The plants of Sabz Peri variety attained maximum height (113.7 cm), which was statistically at par with 110.9 cm height attained by the plants of Arka Anamika. Number of fruits pods plant–1 was found non significantly different on all the tested okra varieties. On the basis of present findings, it was concluded that Sada Bahar variety is suitable for cultivation in Dera Ismail Khan and other parts of the country with similar environmental conditions.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):149-152
pages 149-152 views

Agrochemistry. Soil Science

Water permeability of unsaturated soils in the arid zone

Salugin A.N., Kulik A.K., Vlasenko M.V.

Abstract

The moisture permeability of sandy soils in the unsaturated moisture content regime has been studied. The intensity of moisture conductivity was measured at certain values of the current moisture. It is shown that the expansion of the range of unsaturated soil moisture makes it possible to determine the point of break in the monotony of the curve of simulation of moisture permeability due to the rupture of the capillary connection. The mathematical model of moisture permeability that takes into account the soil porosity is presented.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):153-156
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Use of geoinformation and neurotechnology to assess and to forecast the humus content variations in the steppe soils

Lisetskii F.N., Pichura V.I., Breus D.S.

Abstract

This paper reports the results obtained using the systemic basin approach, geoinformation, and neurotechnology for modeling and forecasting of the humus spatial inhomogeneity and content variations in the steppe and dry steppe zones (Kherson oblast, Ukraine). The general trend of such variations has been determined in the 0–40 cm layer for 42 years. The intensive use of irrigation and drainage activities in 1970–1989 resulted in a significant humus depletion by 0.36% on average (from 2.56% to 2.2%). The analysis in 4450 observation points has yielded a decrease in the variability, the rising polynomial dependence of the humus enrichment from the west to the east, and the logarithmic dependence from the south to the north. The neurotechnological modeling has made it possible to develop the artificial neural network for the spatiotemporal modeling of the humus content in the soils. The humus is predicted to be subject to the irreversible process of gradual depletion in the 0–40 layer until 2025 upon the use of the existing agrotechnologies: rainfed land by 0.01%/year and irrigated land by 0.03%/year. This result defines the territorial priorities of the regional policy and suggests the differentiated efficiency evaluation of the soil-protective unit of the farming systems.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):157-161
pages 157-161 views

Efficiency of using organic and mineral fertilizers in fodder crop rotation on northern soddy podzols

Chebotarev N.T., Yudin A.A., Konkin P.I., Oblizov A.V.

Abstract

This article presents a stationary field test on light clay loam conducted to study the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers and their combinations on the fertility and productivity of this soil. The efficiency of using organic (PMC of 80 t/ha) and mineral (NPK) fertilizers in combination is shown for a sixfield crop rotation. The average crop yield of potato, annual grass, and perennial grass for two crop rotation phases was 3.9, 4.4, and 6.6 t/ha of dry matter, respectively. The fertilizers, especially organic-mineral ones, contributed to the increase in starch content in potato to 13–13.6% (11.6% in the reference sample) as well as the increase in crude protein content in annual and perennial grass to 14.4 and 15.2%, respectively (10.3 and 11.6% in the control sample). It has been noted that organic and organic-mineral fertilizer systems produce a positive effect on the organic matter content in soil.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):162-166
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Resource-serving soil-management practice for winter wheat in the plane regions of Dagestan

Magomedov N.R., Khalilov M.I., Bedoeva S.V.

Abstract

Winter wheat performance on the meadow-chestnut middle loamy soils of the Dagestan plane region has been studied in the conditions of common moldboard and surface tillage. It was shown that, on average for 2012–2015, soil moisture before the sowing was 7% higher within the surface tillage in comparison with moldboard tillage for the depth 20–22 cm. Ground germination capacity in this condition also was 14.2% higher. The advantage of surface tillage over moldboard tillage is in moisture and nutrient accumulation and ground germination capacity that promotes yield increase of winter wheat. Thus, at the average rate over 2013–2015, the crop yield in the conditions of moldboard tillage was 3.37 t/ha and that in the conditions of surface tillage was 3.75 t/ha or 0.38 t/ha greater.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):167-169
pages 167-169 views

Agroforestry

State and reclamation efficiency of forest shelterbelts of Krasnodar krai

Dubenok N.N., Tanyukevich V.V., Tyurin S.V.

Abstract

State and reclamation efficiency of forest shelterbelts on an area of 122800 ha in Krasnodar krai were studied. Dense ripe and overmature shelterbelts of Robinia, ash, and three-throned acacia that protect 30–46% of the interstrip field area are predominant. District division of the region on protective forestation of seedbed, whose average magnitude is 2.9%, is proposed. Creation of 105000 ha of shelterbelts is needed to enhance their efficiency. Protective seedbed shelterbeds of 5.4% size is proven.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):170-172
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Animal Husbandry

Effects of poorly hydrolizable ingredients in mixed feeds on pancreatic exocrine function in chickens

Vertiprakhov V.G., Svitkin V.S.

Abstract

The response of the pancreas to the use of the poorly hydrolysable ingredients (wheat bran and sunflower meal) in the mixed feed diet was shown under the conditions of the chronic experiments on chickens. The proteolytic enzyme activity decreases by 22–36% as compared to the control because of a 10% decrease in the dietary crude protein level. The lipase activity increases by 17–26% due to an increase in the dietary crude fat content, while the amylase activity remains significantly unchanged with an increase in the dietary amount of nonstarch polysaccharides. The process of the pancreatic adaptation to the new dietary feed generally occurs through a change in the activity of pancreatic enzymes rather than the volume of pancreatic juice. This can indicate the fine adjustment of the digestive system to any change in feed quality.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):173-176
pages 173-176 views

Dynamics of cytochemical parameters of pseudoeosinophils in the blood of guineafow

Drobot G.P., Zabiyakin V.A., Stepanova A.E., Smolentsev S.Y.

Abstract

The cytochemical organization of neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils in different classes of vertebrates is poorly studied. The purpose of this study is to determine the cytochemical status of pseudoeosinophils in the blood of guineafowl. We analyzed the blood of Volga white guineafowl breed, colored blue and gray-speckled guineafowl populations (174, 186, and 208 days) and one-day-old nestlings of these populations. It was found that the changes in cytochemical blood cell parameters during the period of development (days 174–208) were multidirectional: the activity of acid phosphatase and glycogen increased, while the activity of myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase decreased. The activity rates of myeloperoxidase and lysosomal-cationic proteins during this period were stable.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):177-179
pages 177-179 views

Veterinary

Preclinical studies of prototype Rabies DNA Vaccine

Tynio Y.Y., Morozova G.V., Yarigina E.I.

Abstract

The results of the preclinical studies of the experimental samples of the prototype immune-biological preparation (Rabies DNA Vaccine) based on the rabies virus glycoprotein genome fragment modified with the signal sequences have been reported. The LD50 values were planned to have been estimated using the results of the observations 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after the drug administration; however, it appeared impossible to make any calculations because of the low toxicity of the preparation; thus, the vaccine was delivered at the maximum dose comprising 2 g/kg. The intensive growth rates in mice and rabbits confirmed the absence of the toxic effects of the tested preparations on the animal organisms. The live weight at the end of the experiment did not decrease as compared to the initial live weight. The complete blood count and biochemical tests in mice and rabbits did not reveal any deviations from the norm. The internal organs were flexible and have an elastic consistence; no significant statistical difference in the weights of the mouse internal organs (liver and brain) was ascertained. In the histological material, no pathomorphological changes of the organ cells were revealed.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):180-185
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Biotechnology

Study of intracellular ion composition of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass

Rimareva L.V., Overchenko M.B., Ignatova N.I., Shelekhova N.V., Serba E.M., Krivova A.Y.

Abstract

The ionic composition of the of the intracellular content of the alcohol yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae R. 1039 biomass was studied for confirmation of their use perspectiveness as a mediator to enable the management the mineral content of food in the manufacture of food and feed additives. The ionic composition of the obtained extracts were identified using the method of capillary electrophoresis. It is found that the quantitative ion content in the cell extracts depends on the concentration of the nutrient medium. When the yeast S. cerevisiae R. 1039 was cultivated on the medium with the soluble solids concentration of 30%, the intracellular ion content in the extracts was 1.3 times higher than when the yeast was cultivated on 12% wort by increasing the concentration of chlorides, sulfates, formates, potassium ions, and calcium. The yield of the yeast S. cerevisiae R. 1039 biomass increased 1.6 times per unit of volume of the medium with increase of the soluble solids concentrations from 12% to 30%.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):186-189
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Mechanization

Use of the IFKhAN type of volatile inhibitors for protection of steel equipment in the atmosphere of the livestock premises

Vigdorovich V.I., Knyazeva L.G., Zazulya A.N., Prokhorenkov V.D., Dorokhov A.V., Kuznetsova E.G., Uryadnikov A.A.

Abstract

High-efficient volatile inhibitors are offered for protection against corrosion of steel agricultural equipment located on livestock premises in the atmosphere with the relative humidity of approximating 100% and containing the maximum allowable concentration of the corrosion stimulants—CO2, NH3, H2S—for these conditions. It is shown using the method of the weight corrosion tests and electrochemical potentiodynamic measurements that, in the presence of up to 25 mg/m3 of CO2, the IFKhAN-8, IFKhAN-112, and IFKhAN-118 volatile inhibitors of new generation permitted the almost complete suppression of the corrosion of the carbon steel St3. In the presence of these inhibitors in the atmosphere containing up to 20 mg/m3 of H2S and 100% relative humidity, the rate of the general corrosion of this steel is reduced 30 times and more. Only in the presence of up to 30 mg/m3 of ammonia in the maximum humid atmosphere is the corrosion suppressed two times. In the latter case, it is most reasonable to use the IFKhAN-112 volatile inhibitor with the pressure of the saturated vapor of 0.133 Pa.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):190-193
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Substantiation of constructive and technological parameters of a new disc harrow

Valiev A.R., Muhamadyarov F.F., Ziganshin B.G.

Abstract

A new design of a disc harrow is proposed. The mathematical dependences of quality indicators of soil preseeding processing on the design and technological parameters of the harrow are obtained. The optimal values of the disk radius (r = 0.25 m), the distance between the discs (d = 0.165 m), the angle between the discs (γ = 10.8°C), the deviation angle of the axis bending (φ = 53°C), and the motion speed of the unit (Ve = 3.25 m/s) were determined. The soil crumbling under these parameters occurs within the range from 87.5 to 93.1%, soil ridgeness is provided from 30.8 to 36.3 mm, and drought resistance is from 4.96 to 8.19 kN.

Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;43(2):194-197
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