Effect of Polyketides from the Marine Fungus Penicillium thomii Maire KMM 4675 on Productivity and Growth of Spring Barley Sprouts

Abstract

Eleven polyketides that have been tested in laboratory and field conditions as growth stimulants of the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were educed from marine fungus Penicillium thomii Maire KMM 4675, which was obtained from mycobiota of the brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum (Novik Bay, Russky Island, Sea of Japan). Depending on the chemical structure, polyketides have different effects on the growth of barley sprouts. It is shown that the compounds pallidopenilline A, 1-acetoxy-pallidopenilline A, 1-deacetyl- pallidopenilline B, pallidopenilline E, pallidopenilline F, and pallidopenilline H have a stimulating effect on the growth of sprout roots (from 2 to 24%) and the compounds pallidopenilline A and 1-acetoxy-pallidopenilline A stimulate the productivity of the spring barley at concentrations of 1.0 μg/mL (17.1%) and 10.0 μg/mL (19.5%), respectively. Pallidopenilline A and its acetylized derivative 1-acetoxy-pallidopenilline A showed the maximum stimulatory effect (24 and 10%, respectively) on the growth of barley sprouts at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. Pallidopenilline A is recommended for wider use in the field conditions as a growth stimulant.