卷 27, 编号 1 (2024)
Civilizational Analysis
Interpretations of Russian Civilizational Identity in Western Social Science
摘要
The article discusses new approaches to the study of civilizational identities in western social science and their use in the field of Russian studies. There was a rise in interest towards civilizational problematics in international relations in the 2010s which was accompanied by rejection of such approaches as the “clash of civilizations” thesis. In opposition to Huntington’s theory new research programs have been formed which focus on “plural and pluralist civilizations” and “civilizational politics”. One of the sources of these new perspectives can be found in the theoretical models of contemporary historical sociology. However, there was a predominance of the constructivist approach to the analysis of civilizational identities which does not fully appreciate the influence of historical legacies on such identities. Western research on Russian civilizational identity also often draws on the constructivist approach and focuses on ideological discourses. In their studies of Russian “civilizationism” western researchers discussed discourses of the political elite and their influence on a broader population. Such studies were based on secondary analysis of survey data as well as on the use of qualitative methods. Theoretical and methodological approaches of western scholars who analyzed Russian civilizational identity deserve careful consideration. Nevertheless, some of the conclusions of such studies need to be complemented or corrected due to their rather limited empirical base.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):7-24
7-24
Sociology of Labor
Labor Relations in Transformation: Vectors for the Development of the ICLRS Ideas
摘要
This is a preface to a section presenting the results of research projects of Russian sociologists who have passed the school of social transformation studies within the Institute for Comparative Labour Relations Studies (ICLRS). The Institute was established in the 1990s by a group of young Russian sociologists from Moscow, Samara, Kemerovo and Syktyvkar together with sociologists from the University of Warwick (UK) Simon Clarke and Peter Fairbrother, and its development was the result of rare international co-operation.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):25-29
25-29
The Role of Mentorship in Formation of Labour Culture and Workers’ Solidary Behavior at the Russian Industrial Enterprises
摘要
This article examines the role of mentorship in shaping labour culture and solidarity behavior of manufactory workers, with an emphasis on the mentoring formal framework, informal values, patterns of behavior and attitudes towards management which id broadcasting by mentors to new workers. The study was carried out in a mixed methodology on the base of three Russian enterprises. 20 focus-group discussions (a total of 394 people) with mentors in 2018 to 2019, an analysis of mentoring baselines, interviews with HR and shop managers and observation were held. Common features of labor culture include the values of collectivity, involvement in a common cause, willingness to disinterestedly assist the team. Collectivity is intertwined with the culture of efficiency, which is described in the requirements of integrity, quality of work, efficiency, as well as the initiative and active position of the employee. The "new" requirements of the industrial workers' approved behavior are focused on labor safety and compliance with corporate standards. Collective labor norms prohibit opportunistic behavior in the form of conflicts by sex, religion or any manifestations of aggression, the presence of bad habits (alcoholism, drug addiction or frequent smoking), as well as opposing oneself to the team and excessive activity. "New" capitalist order in labor culture values concern the prohibition of labor violation to corporate standards, disclosure of corporate secrecy and discussion of management decisions in comparison with the Soviet and late Soviet labor culture values. The protection of the working micro-collective boundaries from the authorities is maintained against the backdrop of a respectful attitude towards management. During mentoring solidarity behavior is often formed in the "mentor-mentee" dyads in a situation where cooperation is necessary. But solidarity as how the formation of a sense of collective unity does not have time to form in a short period of formal mentoring as trust relationships are not formed in every pair primarily due to the inequality of exchange and the difference in generational interests.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):30-62
30-62
Motives and Barriers to Citizen’s Participation in Corporate Community Development Projects (CCDPS): Examining the Regional Experience in Russia
摘要
This article explores the motives and barriers to citizens’ participation in corporate community development projects (CCDPs) funded by large industrial enterprises in Russia. It presents the results of a research conducted in Perm Krai in 2019-2020. This research employs a classic version of the case study - a study of a settlement. Furthermore, it represents an extended case method in which the selected municipalities are considered not as isolated objects, but as subsystems that are part of the regional and national systems. This study examines the corporate community development projects funded by one of the largest industrial enterprises in Perm Krai - LLC LUKOIL-PERM. This analysis is based on 40 in-depth interviews with participants of CCDPs and a survey of 1,200 citizens in four municipal districts in Perm Krai where CCDPs were implemented. Drawing on these empirical data, this article argues that those CCDPs are an evolving innovative channel for citizen participation in community development. In comparison with traditional Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices, the goal and results of such projects go beyond the provision of social benefits to local communities. Such projects support the active involvement of community members and encourage the development of new social practices, such as taking initiative and responsibility for addressing social problems at the local level. To ensure the sustainability of CCDPs projects and community members’ active and continuous involvement, we suggest that supporting mechanisms which are currently offered to participants by the local authorities and the company’s management should be strengthened and developed further taking into account the citizens’ needs and existing participation barriers in such projects.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):63-84
63-84
Scenarios of Changes to the Regional System of Vocational Training of Kuzbass Personnel for the Period Until 2050
摘要
The relevance of the study of the current state of the vocational education system is caused by the awareness of the risks of the regional economy and the assessment of vocational education as one of the most significant factors of change. The object of the study is the state of the vocational education system in Novokuznetsk (Kemerovo region). The subject is the development of scenarios for changes in the system of vocational education for the period up to 2050 by involving various social actors in the design. Scenarios for the future status of vocational education is developed on the basis of a combination of the methods of expert survey, a questionnaire survey of high school students and undergraduate students of universities and colleges, text analysis essay middle school students, generalization of materials of project-analytical sessions, pupils, students, employers and educators. On the basis of the institutional approach, conclusions are drawn about the differences in the vision of the future of the vocational education system by different social actors, the factors influencing the development of the system are analyzed. The results of the study can be used to develop "roadmaps" of reforming the education system in the region.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):85-102
85-102
Sociology of Culture
Strength and Weakness: Dynamics of Representation of Hegemonic Masculinity in Russian Rap
摘要
In public and academic debate, rap is often presented as one of the most aggressive music genres, depicting violence and cruelty in various ways. One of the reasons for that is rap’s social background. It emerged in the criminal area of New York first created by the deprived Black population. Using the notion of hegemonic masculinity, various researchers have shown how rappers manage to dominate others by demonstrating misogyny, homophobia, and aggression towards other artists in their lyrics. However, a recent study of Russian-language rap that analyses several thousand texts of this genre, showed that Russian-language rap might be different. It shows topics related to emotions, feelings, and reflection, i.e. features that do not fit into the typical image of rap’s hegemonic masculinity. Using the results of this study and an extended corpus of texts, the present research poses questions about how these images co-exist in Russian-language rap. This research attempts to reveal what and how exactly Russian rappers express and experience emotions, and how the content of their songs changes over time. The results show that Russian-language rap is much more characterised by a «reflexive» image associated with the expression of feelings and emotions. Moreover, if in the early periods the main source of emotions was reflections about one's path and destiny, over time they are replaced by feelings and emotions about romantic love and break up. At the same time, the increasing prevalence of masculine topics has also been noticeable in recent years. These are topics that, in our opinion, express a new image of hegemonic masculinity. This «new» hegemonic masculinity establishes male dominance using wealth, drug use, and popularity among women, but not aggression and cruelty, that characterised rap’s more traditional masculinity practises.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):103-138
103-138
Sociology of Communication
Creativity and Subjectivity as Phenomena of the Digital Society
摘要
In connection with digital transformation, routine work is actively and dynamically transferred to computers. Man, as the subject and creator of his history, is faced with the need in the near future to carry out mainly those types of activities that are inaccessible to computers. The article formulates the conditions for a person to acquire the properties of subjectivity and creativity. As subjects of a digital society, the authors consider both a person and artificially created products built on self-learning algorithms of artificial intelligence (techno-subjects). Research questions are formulated in the article as follows: Under what conditions can a person act as a creative subject in network communication, and in what cases can he act as an object of influence of other subjects? How autonomous is a self-learning techno-subject in communications with a person and can he create and use something new? Can a self-learning techno-subject perform actions that are not explicitly set by its algorithms, modifying goals? How to reduce the riskiness of an artificial intelligence algorithm in the process of its self-development? The article is exploratory in nature, with an emphasis on finding ideas that help to better understand the degree of risk faced by the digital society.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):139-161
139-161
Sociology of Education
Typology of Research and Pedagogical Stuff: The Sociological Approach
摘要
The article reveals the problem of typology of research and pedagogical stuff of higher education (RPS) through the prism of a sociological approach. The relevance of the problem is determined by the significance of the application of typology as a method of scientific cognition to the sociological study of RPS. The novelty of the proposed sociological approach to the typology of RPS consists in the possibility of its interpretation as a way of structuring a specific social reality by highlighting certain types of their activities in it. As such a social reality, the processes taking place in universities, as well as the typologies being constructed in the higher school system, and after them typologies in the universities themselves and their social communities are considered. Of particular importance is the identification of types of specialists in the scientific and educational community of the RPS, which is characterized as a driver of economic, scientific, social, and cultural development of universities, regions, and society, as a whole. The purpose of the article is to carry out a typological analysis of RPS, meaning the identification of typological groups (types of RPS) among them on the basis of certain criteria (grounds). The research methodology is represented by three interrelated approaches — typological, community, resource. The result of the study was identified on the basis of certain criteria of the typology of the RPS, knowledge of which will help the management structures of universities to successfully solve practical problems of higher education in specific universities. The construction of RPS typologies will contribute to the transformation of this scientific and educational community into a real scientific and intellectual leader of university development. The article makes an important conclusion about the expediency of designing the typology of the RPS at the university in accordance with the typology, objectives and strategy of university development and management.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):162-191
162-191
Sociology of Management
Cross-Sector Social Partnership as the Basis of Municipal Public Policy
摘要
Municipal public policy and cross-sector social partnership have significant potential for achieving the progressive development of municipalities and ensuring optimal management with the involvement of the non-profit sector organizations, business and the local community. In this study cross-sector partnership is considered as the basis of municipal public policy. The paper pays particular attention to the role of the non-profit sector in the implementation of public-state partnership in the formation of municipal public policy. The methodological strategy of the study is built in two stages. At the first stage, as part of a desk study the authors have collected primary information including an analysis of the general regulatory context and economic indicators of the activities of the non-profit sector organizations as subjects of public-state partnership in municipalities. Using the example of the Vologda region and the Republic of Karelia, the authors identify disproportions concerning financial participation of local budgets in promoting the development of socially oriented NPOs and the share of municipal districts and urban districts implementing municipal programs. The Republic of Karelia is significantly inferior to the Vologda region in terms of the considered economic indicators. At the second stage, based on an expert survey of subjects of cross-sector social partnership and municipal public policy in the city of Vologda (N=92) and Petrozavodsk (N=109), the study has revealed that according to the criterion of perception of the non-profit sector activities from the authorities and business within the survey more positive assessments of the authorities are recorded in the city of Vologda than in the city of Petrozavodsk. For identifying barriers to the development of cross-sector social partnership tools from the perspective of social activists themselves, the authors use materials from in-depth formalized interviews with the heads of NPOs in the capital cities of the studied regions (N=28). It has been established that partnership with authorities at the municipal level from the position of social activists themselves is developing extremely slowly and requires the development and implementation of new tools for effective development.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):192-215
192-215
Environmental Sociology
“Stop Spoiling Our Land”: Regional Identity and Environmental Mobilization in the Russian Regions
摘要
In recent years, environmental protests have intensified in Russian regions. At the same time, the level of protest activity in the population is not directly dependent on the degree of environmental threats but is due to various political and social factors. According to researchers, one of the main factors contributing to the mobilization of the population is regional identity. In this paper, we analyze why regional identity is important and what elements are actualized in the process of environmental mobilization in the Russian regions. The results of the study show that mobilization was based on such components of collective identity as the opposition of regions to the center, peripherality, ethnicity, and historical past. The environmental agenda turned out to be significant in conjunction with perceptions of social injustice. Natural objects were considered by local residents from the perspective of their social Environmental problems were mainly presented as threats to national culture, traditional ways of life, religious, and cultural-historical objects. At the same time, global environmental values were articulated mainly by professional ecologists. In addition, in some cases, a strong collective identity could contribute to environmental demobilization and resistance to those environmental projects that conflicted with the interests of the local population. Thus, grassroots environmental mobilization in Russia is mainly associated with ideas about the uneven distribution of resources and survival values.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):216-246
216-246
Sociology of the Body
Models of Body Perception: Empirical Conceptualization and Interpretation
摘要
The article presents models of body perception by different gender and age groups. Body perception is considered as a multidimensional construct, the authors dwell on effective-cognitive structures, as well as individuals' self-perception of their own body, conducted through the prism of its aesthetic attractiveness and functionality. The main purpose of the study was to empirically conceptualize models of body perception. Using the method of online questionnaire survey 1077 city dwellers aged 18 to 60 living in the Sverdlovsk region were interviewed. The paper argues that modern perceptions of the body are stereotyped: women's bodies are prescribed attractiveness, and men's bodies are prescribed physical strength. Respondents demonstrate the greatest sensitivity to external beauty in marital relations, and to the endurance and vitality of the body — in professional and labor activity and household sphere. The study showed a high degree of satisfaction with the body of the respondents and its compliance with the existing standards; the obtained data revealed the orientation to the functional properties of the body when choosing a body for themselves. Based on the conducted factor analysis, two models of respondents' perception of the body were formed: the body as an aesthetic product and the body as a functional product. The first model has two varieties: those who are confident in their attractiveness and those who are unsure of it, dependent on the opinion of others. It has been revealed that women's assessment of the aesthetics of their own body decreases with age, while men's maximum satisfaction with their appearance falls between 31 and 45 years of age. It has been determined that women of all age groups are oriented to external feedback compared to men, in whom the peak of dependence on the environment in the evaluation of their own body falls on 31–45-year-olds. The perception of the body as hardy and resilient is demonstrated by both middle-aged men and women. The article notes that the models of body perception are not limited to the types identified in the study and require further study and sociological understanding.
The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2024;27(1):247-273
247-273