No 2 (2025)
Earth and Environment Sciences
Earthquake migration and slow strain waves
Abstract
Research of seismicity migration provide insight into the physical mechanisms of tectonic stress transmission and new opportunities for hazard assessment and prediction of various natural disasters associated with recent geodynamic activity. The review briefly presents the main results of studies of seismicity migration and the fundamental problem of tectonic stress transfer, obtained at the Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the last decade.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):5-16
5-16
Acoustic anomalies in the boundary layers of the ocean
Abstract
Boundary layers - the near-surface and bottom layers - play an important role in the structure of the ocean. The involvement of bubbles in the sea water column in surface waves leads to the appearance of bubble clouds, which can reach significant depths in strong winds. Bubbles may also be contained in the bottom layers in the areas of the outlet of underwater gas flares. They are often compared with the presence of gas hydrate deposits, or with the release of gases through cracks in the earth's crust near active volcanoes. The paper discusses methods and experimental results on the acoustics of boundary layers in the ocean containing a two-phase liquid with gas bubbles, as well as methods for their diagnosis. The possibilities of acoustic sounding for visualization of complex structure, dynamics and diagnostics of anomalies of physical properties of boundary layers are shown. Typical experimental results obtained in the Far Eastern seas are presented and discussed.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):17-32
17-32
Assessment of the prospects of oil and gas-bearing areas in the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk based on the results of the application of probabilistic and statistical analysis of geological and geophysical data
Abstract
The article presents the results of the application of the probabilistic and statistical method of forecasting the prospects of oil and gas-bearing areas in the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk. The method is based on the use of a preliminary analysis of statistical series of several different types of geological and geophysical parameters. The object of the study of this article is the local concentric structures in the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk. The subject of this article is the forecast of oil and gas bearing areas. The results of using a probabilistic statistical method for predicting the prospects of oil and gas-bearing areas for four types of different geological and geophysical data (crustal thickness, lithosphere thickness, sedimentary rock thickness, heat flux values) measured within the location of fifteen local concentric structures in the Sea of Okhotsk are considered. Based on these data, statistical histograms of the spatial distribution of the values of the thickness of the earth's crust, the thickness of the lithosphere, and the values of heat flux were previously constructed according to measurements in the main oil-producing regions of the Okhotsk, Black, and Caspian Seas. As a result, using the probabilistic forecasting method, the values of the probability distribution densities were calculated according to the data of various four geological and geophysical parameters. According to the calculated probability values for fifteen concentric structures of the Sea of Okhotsk, according to four types of geological and geophysical parameters, a summary data table was compiled and eight local concentric structures promising for the search for new oil and gas fields were identified.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):33-44
33-44
About gold mineralization of black-shale and karlin types in the Upper Bijan gold bearing node of the Khingan orc bearing region (Far East)
Abstract
New types of gold mineralization in the Upper Bijan gold-bearing node of the Jewish Autonomous Region (Far East), which is very promising in the region, are being considered. The Ta-lachinskoye and Zheltogorsk gold-bearing fields located in a transverse tectonic block relative to regional ore-controlling faults are the most promising within the ore node. The Talachinsky field is localized in the black of the Riphean age. A contrasting geochemical anomaly of gold with a length of 0,6 km was revealed in the ore field. A 1,3 km long quartz jasperoid deposit has been contoured in the Zheltogorsky goldfield, similar to the deposits at the Twin Creeks deposit in the USA. The Verkhne-Bijan gold-bearing node is promising for identifying large- to medium-scale industrial gold deposits
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):45-56
45-56
Spring freshet fluxes of terrigenous matter from Amur River to the estuary in surrounding Okhotsk and Japan Seas
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the interannual variability of lithodynamic and biogeochemical characteristics of suspended matter (SPM) along the 884 km transect "lower reaches- estuary of the Amur River in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan". Observations were carried out in mid-June 2005 and 2006. The spring flood during the study periods differed dramatically in water content and conditions for mobilization of terrigenous material in the catchment area. Thus, the phases of the culmination of the highest flood level (2005) and the culmination of the lowest low-water level of the Amur were covered. The distribution of SPM, suspended organic carbon (POC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon isotopes (S13C) and nitrogen (815N) were studied. We did not find any sharp fluctuations in the SPM content in the lower reaches of the Amur in 2005 and 2006. However, they manifested themselves in the marine segments of the transect - in the Amur Estuary, in the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan segments of the estuary. The primary cause of the changes were the physicochemical transformations of SPM against the background of increasing salinity and wave remobilization of bottom sediments. The latter was most clearly manifested in 2006, when the water level in the river segment of the estuary and in the Amur Estuary was low.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):57-75
57-75
Discovery of a new species Flaccisagitta yamato sp. nov. (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea) and features of water circulation in the Yamato Rise region of the Sea of Japan
Abstract
In the central Japan Sea, above the underwater Yamato Rise, chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea) were discovered. Study of the anatomy of the specimens revealed the presence of saclike gelatinous structures (SG/S/), which indicates their belonging to the subfamily Flaccisagittinae. The features of the newly discovered species of Flaccisagitta are the distribution of fins on the body, the shape of the ciliated loop, the presence of peculiarly located ray structures and seminal vesicles relative to the caudal fin. The new species for science was named after the place of discovery above the Yamato Rise Flaccisagittayamato sp. nov. The uniqueness of the discovery lies in the distribution of the new species - it was found only in the waters above the Yamato Rise. Hydrological data are presented on a possible explanation of the distribution of the new species, its discovery in the central part of the Sea of Japan. Modern data on the movement of water masses obtained as a result of expeditionary research and observations from space are presented, which allow us to assume the reasons for the existence of this species above the Yamato Rise.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):76-89
76-89
Analysis of the aircraft observations related to atmospheric turbulence in Eastern Siberia and Russian Far East
Abstract
In the article, analysis of aircraft observations for atmospheric turbulence on the territories of Eastern Siberia and Russian Far East from January, 2020 to July, 2024 is presented. Observations have been divided by seasons, geographical areas, vertical layers and intensity. The majority of turbulence observations reported from the layers of the upper part of troposphere. Turbulence observations, in the lower part of troposphere, principally, fixed in the planetary boundary layer and showed moderate and severe turbulence near main airports of the region under consideration. Possibility to define type of turbulence based on aircraft, surface and satellite observations and numerical modeling is discussed.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):90-101
90-101
Biological Sciences
Mathematical models combining ecological and genetic approaches in population biology
Abstract
The review proposes a generalization of ecological and genetic approaches to problems traditionally considered within the framework of mathematical population biology. This approach is not the only possible one, but it seems to us original and promising, since eombining mathematical models of natural selection and population dynamics allows identifying possible mechanisms for the emergence of a complex temporal organization of genetic biodiversity very sensitive to external influences. When taking into account the age structure of populations in models, a multimodality appears, which not only makes it possible to explain the change in the dynamics mode, but also to take a fresh look at general biological ideas about existing patterns in population dynamics. Scenarios for the microevolution of the genetic composition of a population that arise with fluctuating numbers allow to explain and describe the pronounced genetic differentiation of individuals of different generations in populations with a seasonal pattern of reproduction; for example, the origin of differences in genetic structure among successive generations of Pacific pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha. Such models explain litter size polymorphism well in different (natural and artificial) populations of Arctic foxes Alopex lagopus; as well as the emergence and cessation of fluctuations in the numbers of several rodent species, which have recently been observed in many northern populations of Western Europe (for example, the disappearance of population cycles of voles in a number of populations in Finland and Sweden). The identified features of the dynamic behavior of such systems are important from the point of view of the revision and development of established theoretical concepts, since in such systems the principle of simple combination (superposition) of the results of two models is violated: density-independent natural selection of the best genotypes and density-dependent regulation of population growth; modes appear that were not observed separately in each of the models.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):102-123
102-123
Non-invasive optical methods (spectrometry, thermal imaging) when determining nitrogen deficiency and the physiological state of wheat in the field conditions
Abstract
The reflection spectra and leaf surface temperature were measured in a field experiment when growing wheat of the Daria variety in the field conditions of the Menkovo experimental station of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The plants were vegetated at different levels of nitrogen nutrition (0-200 kg/ha in increments of 40 kg/ha). Fertilizers were applied in 2 stages: 2/3 of the dose of nitrogen (nitrogen strip) before sowing and 1/3 (ammonium nitrate) at the stage of completion of tillering. The analysis of the diffuse reflection indices of the leaf surface revealed a close positive relationship between the chlorophyll index (ChlRI) and a close negative relationship between the photochemical reflection index (PRI) and the dose of nitrogen fertilizers applied at the early stages of nitrogen deficiency, when there are no visible symptoms of plant oppression. The reflection indices SIPI, R800, ARI and FRI, in addition to assessing the nitrogen supply of plants, can be useful in assessing the specific response of plants to the action of various stressors, for example, to a deficiency of soil moisture or a lack of soil nitrogen. The use of thermal imaging made it possible to assess the transpiration activity of wheat plants depending on the level of nitrogen nutrition and its change during the day.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):124-137
124-137
The influence of the spectral composition of artificial lighting on the biochemical composition of tomato fruits Solanum lycopersicum L
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor that regulates the accumulation of micro- and macroelements and organic acids in tomato fruits. The use of LEDs for lighting during the growth and development of tomatoes is an effective method for improving the quality of tomato fruits. In this study, LED light sources with a combined spectral composition and high-pressure discharge lamps were used to grow tomatoes in a climate chamber. Using capillary electrophoresis, the mass fractions of cations (ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium ions), anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate ions) and organic acids were determined. It has been established that the type of light sources and the spectral composition of optical radiation are one of the key factors in improving the quality of tomatoes. When grown under LEDs, the concentration of malic acid in tomato fruits increased by 60%, succinic acid by 2 times, and magnesium by 14% and calcium by 57% compared to the fruits of tomato plants grown under gas-discharge lamps. Thus, by selecting the spectral composition of optical radiation, it is potentially possible to increase the content of target components and improve the taste of tomatoes.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):138-144
138-144
Herbarium of the Amur Branch of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences: history and contemporaneity
Abstract
The article deals with Herbarium of the Amur Branch of the BGI FEB RAS (ABGI), its formation and development prospects. Information about structure and volume of the Herbarium's collection funds is provided, which are formed the basis of collections of vascular plants, bryophytes and macromycetes from the Amur region. The Herbarium contains 30 970 specimens, of which 26 670 are vascular plants, 2600 are fungi and 1700 are bryophytes. The uniqueness of the collection fund consists in existence of samples of rare and endemic species of plants and fungi. The work of the Herbarium group is aimed not only at storing and replenishing collection funds, but also their digitalization in the database of the Electronic Herbarium of the BGI FEB RAS, as well as their applying in environmental, educational and scientific educational activities of the institution.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):145-155
145-155
Chemical Sciences
Structural chemistry of tetrachloride complexes of uranyl (review)
Abstract
The crystal structures of tetrachloride complexes of uranyl with cations of alkali metals, and ammonium, protonated cations of organic bases, ammonium derivatives and a number of protonated organic compounds studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis are systematized and discussed. The crystal chemical features of the structure of this class of compounds have been determined. In the investigated crystal structures of UO22+ tetrachloride complexes, the coordination polyhedron of the hexavalent uranium atom has a tetragonal-bipyramidal (distorted octahedral) structure with oxygen atoms of the uranyl group located at the apical vertices of the tetragonal-bipyramidal polyhedron. The UO22+ groups in the coordination polyhedra are directed perpendicular to the equatorial plane, at the vertices of which four Cl atoms of coordinated ligands are located. In the presence in the structures of uranyl tetrachloride complexes, along with complex anions [UO2Cl4]2- and protonated cations, free Cl- ions and free, not associated with the U atom, neutral or coordinated molecules, containing acceptor atoms, the cations do not interact with the donor atoms of the Cl- anion, and form hydrogen bonds with the free chlorine ions and acceptor atoms of the free molecules. Due to the high symmetry (almost D4h) of the complex anion in the structures of tetrachloride complexes of uranyl, the compounds have been widely used for numerous physical studies, in particular spectroscopic, luminescence, functional density theory and others.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):156-174
156-174
The history of cooperation between the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Abstract
The article examines the main historical stages and chronology of cooperation between the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST). The main areas of cooperation are analyzed, examples of joint scientific research, expeditions, programs and projects are given.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):175-185
175-185
From botany to geology: Russian study of northeast China (1946-1954)
Abstract
The article is devoted to the activities of the Harbin Society of Naturalists and Ethnographers (HOEE, founded in 1946), which was registered with the Society of Soviet Citizens in Harbin and its leaders, who became the last Russian emigrant researchers in China (B.V. Skvortsov, A.G. Malyavkin, VN. Alin, I.G. and A.I. Baranov, VI. Kuzmin, G.I. Razzhigaev, VS. Starikov, A.M. Smirnov, and others), who made a great contribution to the study of northeast China. Their research results were published in the "Notes of the Harbin Society of Naturalists and Ethnographers" (Harbin, 1946-1954. 14 vol.). The HOEE was divided into sections: botany, zoology, agriculture, historical and ethnographic and geology. The organization maintained scientific ties with the Far Eastern Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The collection of the University of Hawaii and the Museum of Russian Culture in San Francisco, as well as literature found in other Russian and foreign collections, including private collections, was used to prepare the article.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(2):186-199
186-199