Bacterial Diversity and Functional Activity of Microbial Communities in Hot Springs of the Baikal Rift Zone

Abstract

In this study the bacterial diversity of thermophilic microbial mats (40 to 65°C) in three alkaline hot springs of the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ) was determined through pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Significant diversity of bacterial species was found in the biomats of the hot springs with total number of detected phylotypes of 607. The highest share of the microbial community was represented by the phyla Chloroflexi (Seya Spring, 76.4%), Deinococcus-Thermus (Alla Spring, 45.1%), Nitrospira (Alla Spring, 36.1%), Cyanobacteria (Tsenkher Spring, 33.1%), and Proteobacteria (Tsenkher Spring, 22.6%), but their ratio varied significantly in different springs. A comparison of the biodiversity and composition of microbial communities between hot springs showed a decrease in biodiversity with increasing temperature. A large number of sequences showed a low degree of similarity with cultivated representatives in public databases. Microbial communities showed intensive rates of production and destruction of organic compounds, as revealed by the quantitative assessment of their functional activity.