Vol 27, No 8 (2025)

The aim of the work is to study the features of professional burnout among internists and surgeons of general and specialized profiles. The study included: group 1 – gastroenterologists (n = 52 people); group 2 – cardiologists (n = 58 people); group 3 – oncologists of therapeutic (TR) profile (n = 48 people); group 4 – doctors of general surgical (OCR) profile (n = 71 people); group 5 – surgeons of the cardiovascular profile (n = 30 people); group 6 - oncologists of the surgical (HR) profile (n = 65 people); The 7th control group consisted of employees of engineering, technical and economic profiles who were not related to work in medical organizations (healthy) (n = 75 people). The assessment of the level of professional burnout among medical workers was carried out using the MBI methodology developed by K. Maslach, S. Jackson, adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova. The data obtained indicate the need to use specialized rehabilitation measures for physicians using relaxation techniques, art therapy, and professional adaptation programs when identifying risk factors for increasing the level of professional burnout among medical professionals providing medical care in hospitals of therapeutic, general surgical, and specialized profiles.; physiotherapy techniques such as electrosleep and reflexotherapy, if possible, spa treatment in sanatoriums, local health resorts, etc. with visits to psychotherapy rooms, as well as psychopharmacological drugs.

A digital twin is a virtual copy of a real object or system that is constantly connected to the original and updated based on its data. In healthcare, this technology opens new possibilities for personalized medicine, especially in palliative care. The article examines the application of digital twins in palliative medicine and their impact on nursing practice. The main areas of application include: continuous monitoring of patient conditions, predictive models of deterioration, personalization of care and treatment, improvement of communication between treatment participants. However, the implementation of digital twins is associated with ethical challenges, including issues of data privacy, algorithmic bias and preservation of humanity in care. For nurses, the emergence of digital twins means not replacement, but transformation of the professional role – from executors of routine tasks to coordinators of high-tech and human-centered care. Successful integration of these technologies requires personnel training, ethical regulation and preservation of compassionate care values.

The relevance of the problem of the health of nurses-anesthesists is related to the fact that the life and health of patients depend on their qualifications and physical condition.

The purpose of the work. To assess the health of nurses-anesthesists, and identify risk factors for their health.

Materials and methods. Analytical, statistical, retrospective analysis of medical documentation data for 2022-2024 was carried out. In the course of the study, the data of periodic medical examination of nurses-anesthesists on their health status were analyzed. A psychophysiological study of nurses-anesthesists was conducted using methods, psychological tests, questionnaires to assess the level of stress, anxiety, depression, and professional burnout syndrome.

Results. Every year, at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after S.G. Sukhanova» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Perm) conducts periodic medical examinations of workers for the purpose of dynamic monitoring of their health, timely detection of initial forms of occupational diseases, early signs of exposure to harmful production factors of the working environment, the labor process on the health of workers in order to form risk groups for the development of occupational diseases, identify medical contraindications to the implementation of certain types of work. The health of nurses-anesthesists directly affects the quality of their professional activity. Knowledge of the psychophysiological characteristics of nurses allows increasing the motivation and efficiency of their work, reducing the risk of occupational diseases.

Conclusions. The health of nurses-anesthesists is a key factor in ensuring patient safety and achieving positive treatment results. It should be noted that it is important to pay special attention to maintaining the health of nurses-anesthesists, apply a set of preventive measures, create favorable working conditions and provide them with the necessary support.

Nurses may find four modern updates useful for optimal patient care. First, the so-called Rome Criteria for constipation (Rome-IV, 2016) have been significantly revised. Instead of focusing only on the severe stage of constipation (defined as bowel movements “less than 3 times per week”), current guidelines emphasize the earliest stages of constipation. The modern “Frequency Classification of Constipation” identifies three stages: mild (bowel movements 5–6 times per week), moderate (3–4 times per week), and severe (1–2 times per week).

The second update reveals an increasing frequency of laxative use depending on the stage of constipation: 13% of patients use laxatives at the mild stage, 30% at the moderate stage, and 64% at the severe stage.

The third update concerns the prevalence of anxiety at each stage of constipation: 12% of patients exhibit anxiety at the mild stage, 33% at the moderate stage, and 57% at the severe stage.

The fourth update relates to the prevalence of depression among cardiology patients: 12% of patients with mild constipation experience depression, 17% with moderate constipation, and 43% with severe constipation.

The last three updates validate the applicability of the frequency classification of constipation and enable nurses to identify the earliest disruptions in the circadian rhythm of the intestines.

The appendix is one of the factors of the human immune system – the “abdominal tonsil”, which is characterized by a large accumulation of lymphoid nodules in the submucosa, sometimes merging with each other. They perform an important protective function, taking part in the formation of cellular and humoral immunity. During appendectomy, the worm is directly removed, respectively, and the lymphoid tissue included in its structure. In this regard, there may be a decrease in immunity by reducing the content of lymphoid nodules, lymphocytes and mast cells in the body. In turn, this may lead to unfavorable consequences, such as gastrointestinal disorders, increased incidence of acute respiratory infections and bacterial diseases against the background of decreased immunity. In this regard, patients in the postoperative period after appendectomy should be educated about the importance of maintaining health and prevention of diseases associated with a decrease in the immune response of the body.

Drug addiction poses a serious social danger due to its criminalization. Having a long history, drug use has reached its peak in our time. Drug addiction has a number of stages.

Due to the widespread prevalence of drug addiction and high mortality from the consequences of drug use, measures for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction seem relevant.

There are primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of drug addiction. Drug addiction treatment is highly effective when the patient is voluntarily willing to cooperate and wants to get rid of the bad habit. There are pharmacological and surgical methods of treating drug addiction.