Analysis of Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolic Complications and of Different Variants of Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with New Coronavirus Infection
- Authors: Kalinin R.E.1, Suchkov I.A.1, Agapov A.B.2, Mzhavanadze N.D.1,3, Povarov V.O.1, Nikiforov A.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Ryazan State Medical University
- Ryazan Regional Clinical Hospital
- Ryazan Region City Clinical Emergency Hospital
- Issue: Vol 31, No 2 (2023)
- Pages: 243-254
- Section: Original study
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/pavlovj/article/view/252574
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PAVLOVJ110956
- ID: 252574
Cite item
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A new coronavirus infection (NCI) is characterized by catastrophic coagulopathy with development of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. The choice of an optimal anticoagulant in these patients remains an important issue.
AIM: To evaluate risk factors for venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC), effectiveness and safety of different variants of anticoagulant therapy (ACT) in patients with NCI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted that involved 370 patients with NCI: group 1 — patients who received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) — 190 people, group 2 — patients who received unfractionated heparin (UFH) — 123 people, group 3 — patients who took direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) — 57 individuals. Clinical and anamnestic data, frequency of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications were evaluated. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. platform.
RESULTS: The existence of chronic venous diseases increases the risk of development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with NCI 6.433 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.167–19.093)) (р = 0.001), use of UFH instead of LMWH or DOAC — 3.542 times (95% CI 1.149–10.916) (р = 0.028), use of artificial lung ventilation (ALV) — 5.925 times (95% CI 2.034–17.26) (р = 0.001), high D-dimer level — 2.024 times (95% CI 1.231–3.33) (р = 0.005). The level of C-reactive protein and ferritin decreased in all patients in the course of treatment for NCI, with the lowest levels in patients receiving LMWH (С-reactive protein — 5.8 (1.7–15.0) mg/l, р = 0.004; ferritin — 364 (324–497) µg/l, р = 0.001). Lower fibrinogen levels were recorded in patients of group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (2.43 (1.9–3.52) g/l versus 3.37 (2.8–4.92) g/l and 4.1 (2.8–5.25) g/l, respectively, р = 0.002). A high frequency of pulmonary embolism with unspecified source was recorded in patients receiving UFH — 11.4% of cases, with this, the frequency of using ALV in the group with UFH was evaluated as high — 21% of cases.
CONCLUSION: Risk factors of VTEC in patients with NCI are both factors typical of VTEC in general (obesity, chronic vein diseases, elevated D-dimer level), and factors specific of NCI (ALV, hypoventilation). Effective and safe anticoagulants in this group of patients are LMWH that demonstrated low frequency of development of VTEC and of hemorrhagic complications.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Roman E. Kalinin
Ryazan State Medical University
Email: kalinin-re@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0817-9573
SPIN-code: 5009-2318
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
Russian Federation, RyazanIgor′ A. Suchkov
Ryazan State Medical University
Email: suchkov_med@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1292-5452
SPIN-code: 6473-8662
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
Russian Federation, RyazanAndrey B. Agapov
Ryazan Regional Clinical Hospital
Author for correspondence.
Email: agapchik2008@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0178-1649
SPIN-code: 2344-5966
Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, RyazanNina D. Mzhavanadze
Ryazan State Medical University; Ryazan Region City Clinical Emergency Hospital
Email: nina_mzhavanadze@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5437-1112
SPIN-code: 7757-8854
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor
Russian Federation, Ryazan; RyazanVladislav O. Povarov
Ryazan State Medical University
Email: ecko65@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8810-9518
SPIN-code: 2873-1391
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, RyazanAleksandr A. Nikiforov
Ryazan State Medical University
Email: a.nikiforov@rzgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0866-9705
SPIN-code: 8366-5282
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor
Russian Federation, RyazanReferences
- Ofitsial’naya informatsiya o koronaviruse v Rossii [Internet]. Available at: https://стопкоронавирус.рф/. Accessed: 2022 September 17. (In Russ).
- Gil–Sala D, Riera C, García–Reyes M, et al. Mortality and bleeding complications of COVID-19 critically ill patients with venous thromboembolism. Int Angiol. 2022;41(1):1-8. doi: 10.23736/s0392-9590.21.04704-0
- Kalinin RE, Suchkov IA, Filimonov VB, et al. Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19 Patients During the First and the Second Waves of the Pandemic: Real-Practice Data. Flebologiya. 2022;16(2):122–9. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/flebo202216021122
- Rossiyskiye klinicheskiye rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniyu i profilaktike venoznykh tromboembolicheskikh oslozhneniy (VTEO). Flebologiya. 2015;9(4-2):3–52. (In Russ).
- Kalinin RE, Suchkov IA, Agapov AB. The Effectiveness of the Various Options of Anticoagulant Therapy for the Treatment of the Patients with Thrombosis of the Deep Veins of the Lower Extremities in the Routine Clinical Practice. Flebologiya. 2017;11(1):21–7. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/flebo201711121-27
- Vremennyye metodicheskiye rekomendatsii Ministerstva zdravookhraneniya RF. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lecheniye novoy koronavirusnoy infektsii (COVID-19). Version 17 (14/12/2022). Available at: https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/061/254/original/%D0%92%D0%9C% D0%A0_COVID-19_V17.pdf?1671088207. Accessed: 2023 January 13. (In Russ).
- Vertkin AL, Avdeev SN, Roitman EV, et al. Treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of endotheliopathy correction and prevention of thrombotic complications. The agreed position of the experts. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2021;24(4):45–51. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/profmed20212404145
- Bellmunt–Montoya S, Riera C, Gil D, et al. COVID-19 Infection in Critically Ill Patients Carries a High Risk of Venous Thrombo-embolism. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2021;61(4):628–34. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.12.015
- Čelovska D, Wawruch M, Stvrtinová V. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and immuno-thrombosis. Acta Phlebologica. 2021;22(2):55–60. doi: 10.23736/S1593-232X.21.00510-5
- Malas MB, Naazie IN, Elsayed N, et al. Thromboembolism Risk of COVID-19 Is High and Associated with a Higher Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;29:100639. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100639
- Dolhnikoff M, Duarte-Neto AN, de Almeida Monteiro RA, et al. Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(6):1517–9. doi: 10.1111/jth.14844
- Ackermann M, Verleden SE, Kuehnel M, et al. Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(2):120–8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2015432
- Fox SE, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, et al. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(7):681–6. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30243-5
- Carsana L, Sonzogni A, Nasr A, et al. Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(10):1135–40. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30434-5
- Bertolidi Lemos AC, do Espírito Santo DA, Salvetti MC, et al. Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for severe COVID-19: A randomized phase II clinical trial (HESACOVID). Thromb Res. 2020;196:359–66. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.026
- Beun R, Kusadasi N, Sikma M, et al. Thromboembolic events and apparent heparin resistance in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020;42(Suppl 1):19–20. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13230
- Panigada M, Bottino N, Tagliabue P, et al. Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1738–42. doi: 10.1111/jth.14850
- Borodina IA, Selezneva IA, Borisova OV, et al. Blood groups and secretory state in COVID-19. Nauka Molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2021;9(4):589–96. (In Russ). doi: 10.23888/HMJ202194589-596
- Mortus JR, Manek SE, Brubaker LS, et al. Thromboelastographic results and hypercoagulability syndrome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who are critically III. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e2011192. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11192
- Bitsadze VO, Bredikhin RA, Bulatov VL, et al. Superficial phlebitis and thrombophlebitis. Flebologiya. 2021;15(3):211–44. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/flebo202115031211
- Agapov AB, Suchkov IA, Ryabkov AN. Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities. Nauka Molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2016;(2):147–57. (In Russ).
- Petrikov AS, Dudin DV, Popkova LN, et al. Clinical course of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in acute period with underlying anticoagulant therapy depending on concentration of D-dimers and C-reactive protein. Nauka Molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2018;6(2):233–41. (In Russ). doi: 10.23888/HMJ201862233-241
- Kalinin RE, Suchkov IA, Narizhny MV. Dispensary management of patients with venous thromboembolic complications. I. P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2011;(3):104–9. (In Russ).
Supplementary files
