Selectins and their involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

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Abstract

The review presents current data on the structure and functional role of cell adhesion molecules belonging to the selectin family (selectins P, L and E), and their involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. On the one hand, intercellular adhesion molecules of the vascular wall endothelium, platelets and leukocytes are an important link in the processes of vasculogenesis, development and regeneration of the vascular system. On the other hand, these molecules participate in the earliest stages of endothelial dysfunction with the subsequent development of pathology. For this reason, figuring out the mechanisms of activity of this group of molecules is very important for understanding the molecular basis of the cardiovascular diseases pathogenesis. The adhesion of molecules, both between cells and between cells and a component of the extracellular matrix, is the most important stage of physiological and biochemical processes. According to present knowledge, five classes of intercellular adhesion molecules are known: integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulins (including nectins), selectins and addressins. All of them are bonded to a cytoplasmic membrane and provide the interaction of cells with each other. Some of them are transmembrane and associated with the cytoskeleton of the cell. On the cell surface, intercellular adhesion molecules can be located in clusters, forming multipoint binding sites and thereby determining the degree of avidity. One of the most significant functions of selectins is participation in the initial stage of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, which results in their binding to the endothelium, rolling and further extravasation into tissues. The first stage of this process is mediated by specific non-covalent interactions between selectins and their glycan ligands, with the glycans functioning as an interface between leukocytes or cancer cells and the endothelium. Targeting these interactions remains one of the main strategies aimed at developing new methods of treating immune, inflammatory and oncological diseases.

About the authors

Roman E. Kalinin

Ryazan State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov

Email: kalinin-re@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0817-9573
SPIN-code: 5009-2318

M.D., D. Sci., Prof., Head, Depart. of cardiovascular, endovascular, operative surgery and topographic anatomy

Russian Federation, Ryazan, Russia

Nataliy V. Korotkova

Ryazan State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov

Author for correspondence.
Email: fnv8@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7974-2450
SPIN-code: 3651-3813
ResearcherId: I-8028-2018

M.D., Cand. Sci., Assoc. Prof., Depart. of biological chemistry with course of clinical laboratory diagnostics, Continuing Professional Education Faculty, Senior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory

Russian Federation, Ryazan, Russia

Igor A. Suchkov

Ryazan State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov

Email: i.suchkov@rzgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1292-5452
SPIN-code: 6473-8662

M.D., D. Sci., Prof., Depart. of cardiovascular, endovascular, operative surgery and topographic anatomy

Russian Federation, Ryazan, Russia

Nina D. Mzhavanadze

Ryazan State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov

Email: nina_mzhavanadze@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5437-1112
SPIN-code: 7757-8854
ResearcherId: M-1732-2016

M.D., Cand. Sci., Assoc. Prof., Depart. of cardiovascular, endovascular, operative surgery and topographic anatomy, senior researcher at the central research laboratory

Russian Federation, Ryazan, Russia

Alexander N. Ryabkov

Ryazan State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov

Email: ryabkov.an@tfoms-rzn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4705-747X
ResearcherId: S-1779-2016

M.D., D. Sci., Prof., Depart. of cardiovascular, endovascular, operative surgery and topographic anatomy

Russian Federation, Ryazan, Russia

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