Современные проблемы оценки эффективности реагирования национальных систем здравоохранения на чрезвычайные ситуации техногенного характера
- Авторы: Орлов С.А.1,2
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Учреждения:
- Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья им. Н.А. Семашко
- НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России
- Выпуск: Том 44, № 2 (2025)
- Страницы: 175-187
- Раздел: Научные обзоры
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/RMMArep/article/view/310902
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/rmmar652114
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/COZAKQ
- ID: 310902
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Аннотация
Развитие промышленных технологий сопровождается не только экономическим ростом, но и техногенными рисками, угрожающими здоровью людей и экологии. Исторические примеры, такие как аварии в Бхопале (1984), Чернобыле (1986), Фукусиме-1 (2011), кризис водоснабжения во Флинте (2014) и ряд других техногенных аварий и катастроф, являются ярким подтверждением масштаба существующих угроз для общества и систем здравоохранения. Цель: выявить ключевые проблемы и современные подходы к оценке эффективности реагирования национальных систем здравоохранения на чрезвычайные ситуации техногенного характера. Материалами для исследования стали научные публикации из баз данных NCBI, PubMed и Elibrary за 2000–2024 гг., в отношении которых были проведены терминологический анализ с использованием программы VOSviewer и экспертное рецензирование. По результатам анализа наиболее значимых публикаций для оценки реагирования системы здравоохранения на техногенные чрезвычайные ситуации установлено 5 ключевых направлений, объединяющих ресурсы медицинских организаций, системы управления и технологические разработки. В заключении исследования подчеркнута роль обеспечения комплексного подхода при подготовке системы здравоохранения к техногенным чрезвычайным ситуациям и систематизированы меры, позволяющие повысить эффективность ее реагирования, такие как моделирование сценариев катастроф, проведение опросов персонала и пострадавших, повышение уровня информированности населения, создание систем психологической поддержки, развитие волонтерства и сотрудничество с общественными организациями.
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Сергей Александрович Орлов
Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья им. Н.А. Семашко; НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: orlovsergio@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8749-8504
SPIN-код: 4955-1482
кандидат медицинских наук
Россия, 105064, Москва, ул. Воронцово поле, д. 12, с. 1; МоскваСписок литературы
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