Methods for determining the elements of external orientation of aerospace images of areas unsecured by topogeodetic observations

Aerospace survey materials are one of the main sources of information about the area when solving the tasks of creating and updating topographic maps and plans, creating photographic documents of the area and obtaining other geospatial information. For effective processing of aerospace survey data, it is necessary to perform their geolocation (geocoding) with appropriate accuracy, which requires determining the elements of external orientation of images or target equipment. The methods used to determine the elements of external orientation in relation to an area unsecured by topogeodetic observations are considered. An overview is given of the methods for determining the elements of external orientation during aerospace surveying of terrain areas unsecured by topogeodetic observations developed at the Department of Cartography of the Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky.