Approaches to the Study of the Phenomenon of Artificial Intelligence in Various Theoretical Paradigms of International Relations

The author examines the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in international relations. New technologies have long been part of the life of the world community and it is not surprising that there is a need for theoretical understanding of this process. In this regard, the main goal of the work is to identify the main approaches to the study of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence in various theoretical paradigms of international relations. The author analyzes the theories of realism, neorealism, liberalism, neorealism, neo-Marxism, constructivism and postpositivism. Also, before analyzing the approaches to AI, the author believes that it is advisable to give a brief description of the main concepts, principles and methodology of each theoretical direction or approach. As a result, the author comes to the following conclusion – each of the paradigms contributes to the understanding of how artificial intelligence can transform the international political system and influence global security. Political realism, especially its neorealistic version, considers the actions of states as the main actors in international relations, which perceive technological development as a way to strengthen their military and economic power, as well as a tool for ensuring national interests. The neoliberal approach emphasizes that AI enhances international cooperation by facilitating the exchange of knowledge and technology. Analyzing international processes from a neo-Marxist perspective allows us to identify how AI will affect the already deep gap between the “rich north” and the “poor south.” Constructivism emphasizes that international relations are formed through social interactions and discursive practices. The author believes that the development of AI technologies requires a comprehensive, often interdisciplinary analysis that combines approaches from all paradigms of international relations and, if possible, other subject areas.