Structure and properties of coatings based on refractory elements obtained by the method of non-vacuum electron beam surfacing
- Authors: Bushueva E.G.1, Nastavshev A.E.1, Skorokhod K.A.2, Domarov E.V.3, Mishin I.P.4
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Affiliations:
- Novosibirsk State Technical University
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the RAS
- Issue: Vol 27, No 4 (2025)
- Pages: 325-338
- Section: MATERIAL SCIENCE
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1994-6309/article/view/356678
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.4-325-338
- ID: 356678
Cite item
Abstract
Introduction. The development of modern industry requires materials capable of withstanding high temperatures and loads while maintaining functionality and performance. Traditional materials, such as 0.4 C-Cr structural steel, are widely used in mechanical engineering and are inexpensive. However, ordinary and low-alloy steels are subject to intense oxidation when exposed to temperatures above 400°C. To improve the performance of structural steels under high-temperature conditions, the development of effective methods for modifying their surfaces is an an urgent task. The purpose of this work is to develop a technology for creating high-temperature oxidation resistant surface layers on 0.4 C-Cr structural steel. For this purpose, the non-vacuum electron beam surfacing method was used, employing powder materials based on refractory elements: niobium, molybdenum, and boron. Materials and methods. In this study, modified layers were formed on 0.4 C-Cr steel using non-vacuum electron beam surfacing of Nb-Mo-B powder composites. The following research methods were used: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, microhardness testing, high-temperature oxidation testing, and oxidation reaction kinetics determination. Results and discussion. The modified layers, which were 2.0–2.3 mm thick, exhibited a gradient structure consisting of molybdenum-doped niobium carbide present as dendrites and irregularly shaped crystals, as well as eutectic colonies based on the same carbide and α-Fe and α-(Mo,Fe) solid solutions. X-ray phase analysis identified the following phases in the modified layers: (Nb,Mo)C carbide and α-Fe and α-(Mo,Fe)-based solid solutions. The surfacing with Nb, Mo, and B resulted in the formation of layers on the surface of 0.4 C-Cr carbon steel that are 2.9 times harder and 3.9 times more temperature oxidation resistant than those of the unmodified steel.
About the authors
Evdokia G. Bushueva
Novosibirsk State Technical University
Email: bushueva@corp.nstu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7608-734X
SPIN-code: 7234-8480
Scopus Author ID: 25627090600
ResearcherId: G-9820-2019
https://ciu.nstu.ru/kaf/persons/20088/
Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor
Russian Federation, 630073, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, 20 Prospekt K. MarksaArtem E. Nastavshev
Novosibirsk State Technical University
Email: artem.nastavshev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-1082-2086
SPIN-code: 8192-5075
Student
Russian Federation, 630073, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, 20 Prospekt K. MarksaKsenia A. Skorokhod
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS
Email: k.skorokhod@itam.nsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0210-8405
SPIN-code: 7355-7796
Scopus Author ID: 56071091100
ResearcherId: HLW-5596-2023
Junior researcher
Russian Federation, 630090, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, 4/1 Institutskaya str.Evgeniy V. Domarov
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: domarov88@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2422-1513
SPIN-code: 6160-8912
Scopus Author ID: 55325348200
ResearcherId: E-3638-2015
Scientific associate
Russian Federation, 630090, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, 11 Acad. Lavrentieva Pr.Ivan P. Mishin
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the RAS
Author for correspondence.
Email: mip@ispms.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8294-7238
SPIN-code: 3626-3270
Scopus Author ID: 14827250100
ResearcherId: F-7394-2017
Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics), Scientific associate
Russian Federation, 634055, Russian Federation, Tomsk, 2/4 pr. AkademicheskiiReferences
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Supplementary files
Note
Funding
The study was carried out in accordance with the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (project FSUN-2023-0009).

