Diagnosis of Cracks in Metal Panels by Non-linear Distortions of Vibration Portraits
- Authors: Berns V.A.1, Zhukov E.P.1, Malenkova V.V.1, Lysenko E.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Issue: Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
- Pages: 6-17
- Section: TECHNOLOGY
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1994-6309/article/view/302062
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2018-20.2-6-17
- ID: 302062
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Introduction. The main defect of the structures that occurs during its operation or strength tests is fatigue crack. Vibrational methods are promising to diagnose the cracks. The practical implementation of these methods on real structures is a relevant objective. Objective: to study the possibility of using distortions of the constrained vibration portraits as an identification feature of cracks in metal structures. Research Methods. Acceleration sensor are installed on the diagnose structure, and vibration oscillations are created in it by means of independent sources of harmonic vibrations. The dynamic consequence of the fatigue crack is the collisions of the “faces” and dry friction at the crest points under the action of the vibrational load. It is shown that the identification attributes of shock pulses and dry friction can be presented by nonlinear distortions of the vibration portraits, the vertical dissection of which is proportional to the signal of the acceleration sensor, and the horizontal one is proportional to the first harmonic of this signal. Such an vibrations portrait for a linear dynamical system is a circle. In order to estimate numerically distortions from the Fourier series, the first harmonic is subtracted for the vibration portrait, the absolute maximum is determined for the period of vibrations in the remainder of the series; the magnitude of the maximum is related to the amplitude of the first harmonic. Results and Discussion. The efficiency of the fatigue cracks detecting due to distortions in the vibration portrait is illustrated by the example of diagnosing the metal plane body panel with the size of 2285 × 975 mm. The panel had longitudinal and transverse power sets, as well as local reinforcements. The vibrations excitation of the panel was carried out by two electrodynamic exciters. 40 acceleration sensors were used to measure vibrations. Experimental studies of changes in natural frequencies and portraits of panel vibrations for the following defects have been carried out: a stress concentrator in the form of a drilled rivet and a through-cut in the center of the panel; fatigue cracks in the side stringer; crack in the side stringer after repair; crack in the central stringer at different stages of propagation. It is established that the largest changes in natural frequencies can be several per cent, but it is not possible to determine the location of the defects. The maximum distortion of the vibration portrait is hundreds of percent and reliably tracks the locations of defects and its magnitudes. It is noted that the method of normalizing the distortions of the vibration portrait and the amplitude of the panel vibrations affect the efficiency of the diagnosis of cracks.
About the authors
V. A. Berns
Email: v.berns@yandex.ru
D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute named after S. A. Chaplygin, v.berns@yandex.ru
E. P. Zhukov
Email: Zh-EP@yandex.ru
Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute named after S. A. Chaplygin, Zh-EP@yandex.ru
V. V. Malenkova
Email: malenkova_vv@mail.ru
Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute named after S. A. Chaplygin, malenkova_vv@mail.ru
E. A. Lysenko
Email: mla340@iss-reshetnev.ru
Ph.D. (Engineering), Academician M.F. Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems, mla340@iss-reshetnev.ru
References
- Жуков Р.В. Обзор некоторых стандартов ISO/TC-108 в области диагностики машинного оборудования // Контроль. Диагностика. – 2004. – № 12. – С. 61–66.
- Неразрушающий контроль. Т. 7, кн. 2. Вибродиагностика: справочник / Ф.Я. Балицкий, А.В. Барков, Н.А. Баркова и др. – М.: Машиностроение, 2005. – 829 с. – ISBN 5-217-03298-7.
- Костюков В.Н., Науменко А.П. Основы виброакустической диагностики и мониторинга машин: учебное пособие. – Омск: Изд-во ОмГТУ, 2011. – 360 с. – ISBN 978-5-8149-1101-8.
- Bachschmid N., Pennacchi P., Tanzi E. Cracked rotors: a survey on static and dynamic behaviour including modelling and diagnosis. – Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2010. – 408 p. – ISBN 978-3-642-01485-7.
- Tiwari R. Rotor systems: analysis and identification. – Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017. – 1069 p. – ISBN 978-1-138-03628-4.
- Вибродиагностика авиационных конструкций. – М.: ГосНИИГА, 1986. – 95 с. – (Труды ГосНИИ ГА; вып. 256).
- Постнов В.А. Определение повреждений упругих систем путем математической обработки частотных спектров, полученных из эксперимента // Известия РАН. Механика твердого тела. – 2000. – № 6. – С. 155–160.
- Косицын А.В. Метод вибродиагностики дефектов упругих конструкций на основе анализа собственных форм колебаний // Приборы и методы измерений. – 2011. – № 2 (3). – С. 129–135.
- Damage identification and health monitoring of structural and mechanical systems from changes in their vibration characteristics: a literature review: technical report LA-13070-MS / S.W. Doebling, C.R. Farrar, M.B. Prime, D.W. Shevitz; Los Alamos National Laboratory. – Los Alamos, NM, 1996. – 132 p.
- Dilena M., Morassi А. Damage detection in discrete vibrating systems // Journal of Sound and Vibration. – 2006. – Vol. 289. – P. 830–850. – doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.02.020.
- Perera R., Fang S.-E., Huerta С. Structural crack detection without updated baseline model by single and multiobjective optimization // Mechanical System and Signal Processing. – 2009. – Vol. 23, iss. 3. – P. 752–768. – doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2008.06.010.
- Barbieri N., Barbieri R. Study of damage in beams with different boundary conditions // International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering. – 2013. – Vol. 7, N 6. – P. 399–405.
- Kessler S.S., Spearing M.S., Soutis C. Structural health monitoring in composite materials using Lamb wave methods // Smart Materials and Structures. – 2002. – Vol. 11. – P. 269–278. – doi: 10.1999/1307-6892/9351.
- Nonlinear acoustics for fatigue crack detection – experimental investigations of vibro-acoustic wave modulations / A. Klepka, W.J. Staszewski, R.B. Jenal, M. Szwedo, J. Iwaniec, T. Uhl // Structural Health Monitoring. – 2011. – Vol. 11, iss. 2. – P. 197–211. – doi: 10.1177/1475921711414236.
- Critical aspects of experimental damage detection methodologies using nonlinear vibro-ultrasonics / M. Dunna, A. Carcionea, P. Blanloeuilb, M. Veidta // Procedia Engineering. – 2017. – Vol. 188. – P. 133–140. – doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.466.
- Бовсуновский А.П., Матвеев В.В. Вибродиагностические параметры усталостной поврежденности упругих тел // Механическая усталость металлов: труды коллоквиума. – Тернополь, 2006. – С. 212–218.
- Цыфанский С.Л., Бересневич В.И., Лушников Б.В. Нелинейная вибродиагностика машин и механизмов. – Рига: Изд-во РТУ, 2008. – 366 с. – ISBN 978-9984-32-194-3.
- Diana G., Bachschmid N., Angeli F. An on-line crack detection method for turbogenerator rotors // Proceeding of international Conference on Rotordynamics, JSME. – Tokyo, 1986. – P. 385–390.
- Контроль соосности установки отклоняемых поверхностей по результатам вибрационных испытаний / В.А. Бернс, А.П. Бобрышев, В.Л. Присекин, В.Ф. Самуйлов // Вестник МАИ. – 2008. – Т. 15, № 1. – С. 87–91.
- Способ контроля люфтов в механических проводках управления самолетов / А.П. Бобрышев, В.А. Бернс, В.Л. Присекин, А.И. Белоусов, В.Ф. Самуйлов // Полет. – 2007. – № 12. – С. 50–53.
- Al-Khazali H.A.H., Askari M.R. Geometrical and graphical representations analysis of Lissajous figures in rotor dynamic system // IOSR Journal of Engineering. – 2012. – Vol. 2 (5). – P. 971–978.
- Опыт контроля дефектов летательных аппаратов по параметрам вибраций / В.А. Бернс, Е.А. Лысенко, А.В. Долгополов, Е.П. Жуков // Известия Самарского научного центра РАН. – 2016. – Т. 18, № 4. – С. 86–96.
Supplementary files
