No 1 (2025)

This research is devoted to the identification of the most frequent grammatical transformations used in translating texts of information genres from Russian into English. The material of the study is the texts posted on the website of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and their translations into English. The total volume of the study is 94 sentences in English and Russian. The research has been conducted using general scientific methods, namely: analysis and synthesis, generalization, classification, quantitative method, as well as linguistic methods: descriptive, comparative, method of contextual analysis of translation. The relevance of the research is defined by the need to study ap proaches to the translation of texts posted on websites as a modern form of communication, as well as grammatical transformations when translating from Russian into English in view of the limited number of studies devoted to this aspect. The author has attempted to analyze the ways of translating texts of information genres at the two upper levels of language – the level of text and the level of utterance. In the course of the study, the author has found that the summary translation is used for texts of such genres. The type of translation is selective. The analysis of the utterance level is structured according to the classification of grammatical transformations used in translation. The research identifies the main grammatical transformations used in translating texts of information genres at the syntactic level. The most frequent are grammatical substitutions (change of a sentence member, change of a part of speech, change of a word form). Syntactic assimilation or literal translation is used less frequently. The rarest grammatical transformations include: sentence partitioning (both external and internal) and sentence integration. Grammatical substitutions are often accompanied by other transformations (both grammatical and lexical). This study does not only identify the most frequent grammatical transformations, but also analyzes the reasons for their use and provides theoretical explanations of the specifics of the identified grammatical transformations.

The article analyzes the linguistic means of expressing the sensual perception of Siberia in the regional poetic text. The material for the research is the poems by M. V. Andreev that make up the collection "On the Mother’s Side", the contexts tied to the Siberian region and the city of Tomsk were selected by the method of continuous sampling. The work was carried out within the framework of the sociocultural approach to the study of regional art texts; the analysis of the linguistic material, its systematization and interpretation were carried out on the basis of the main provisions of perceptual linguistics, lexical semantics and functional text stylistics. In the process of research, the methods of contextual, semantic and stylistic analysis of the poetic text were used. The lexical-semantic groups forming the perceptual image of Siberia in M. V. Andreev’s poems were identified and the pictorial and expressive means used by the author were analyzed. In the process of linguistic modeling of the image, the author implements a wide range of linguistic means with perceptual semantics, characterizing the corresponding fragment of the author’s individual poetic worldview. The perceptual image of Siberia can be defined as a "macro-image" including various "micro-images": "silence", "darkness", "cold" and their "interaction" in the process of textual deployment. The research has shown that perceptual units realize certain author’s tasks: the poet seeks to describe the reality around him and convey his worldview. Synesthetic combinations found in M. V. Andreev’s poetic texts demonstrate a high degree of interpenetration of different types of perception. Somatisms play an important role in the process of linguistic modeling. The analysis of words that have the meaning of color, showed the dominance of green color, which indicates the life-affirming nature of perception of Siberian nature and is associated with spring, life and youth. As a result of the research it was determined that personifications, comparisons and metaphors are regularly used to create sensory tension. Among perceptual metaphors, the most popular are word combinations having visual, auditory and tactile bases, metaphorical images of perception are often constructed on antithesis. The linguistic analysis of M. V. Andreev’s imagery system in the perceptual aspect allowed us to reveal both traditional characteristics and individual features of the author’s poetic worldview.

The study of axiological sphere and means of its representation is one of the up-to-date problems of linguistics. This is especially true for the study of media communication in view of the communicative-cognitive scientific paradigm and the media vector of Russian studies’ development. The interpretation of value dominants in the discourses of public personalities is of interest as an object of perception of the mass addressee and influence on him. The aim of the article is to define language representation of value dominants of the participants of the author program "Very personal" on the channel "Open Television of Russia", taking into account the structure, content and pragmatics of the media discourse of the program. The study of discursive practices of the guest and the host is based on the theory of regulation, developed in the communicative stylistics of the text. This study includes the use of discursive and semantic-stylistic analysis. The material of the study is the release of the program "Very personal" on the channel "OTR" with the participation of People’s Artist of the USSR Vladimir Vasiliev. The means of representing the value picture of the world of a person are the following: explicit and implicit, linguistic and extralinguistic, including nonverbal behavior. The characteristic linguistic regulatory means and structures of the discourse of the participants of the "Very Personal" program, which have a communicative-pragmatic impact, include: melioration evaluative vocabulary, stylistic devices of repetition, gradation, antithesis, syntactic parallelism, rhetorical questions and exclamations, making clear the value picture of the world of the guest and the journalist. The guest’s discourse is characterized by the usage of semantic text paradigms of the synonymous type, actualizing the value dominants of the personality, first of all, complete dedication in creative work. The explicit regulatory strategy of the intensifying-convergent type in the discourses of Vladimir Vasiliev and the host of the author’s program allows the recipient to form an integral idea of their values and preferences. Gestures and facial expressions, look, appearance and communication environment of the program participants as the extralinguistic means of representing the value picture of the world are considered. We interpret value dominants in the discourse of a language personality as the conjugation of various linguistic and non-linguistic signals that directly or indirectly intensify value meanings that are important to the personality and characteristic of it. It was determined that the regulatory means and structures represent the value meanings of the program guest: complete dedication to creative work, service to society, loyalty to a lifework, honesty, modesty, love, sincerity, the desire to give joy, etc. Numerous comments from listeners and viewers of the program confirm that these value dominants were perceived by the audience. The regulatory theory’s use allows to specify the peculiarities of the representation of the value picture of the world of media communication participants, which was demonstrated using the example of the author’s program "Very Personal" by Viktor Loshak on Public Television of Russia. The results of analysis are of interest for axiological linguistics, media linguistics, theory and practice of speech communication.

The concept of life, being the key to the national picture of the world and the creations of N. A. Zabolotsky, is reflected in the poet’s creations both of the early period, represented by the collection «Columns and Poems», and of the late period («Poems (1932-1958)»). The content and means of representation of the concept changed with the author’s different worldview, it seems relevant to identify the dynamics in the work of the famous poet. The goal of the article is to study the peculiarities of the representation of the concept of life in N.A. Zabolotsky’s lyrics based on the theory of regularity developed in the communicative style of the text. The article contains the results of the analysis of poems written in different years. Various methods of analysis was used in the research, including conceptual, biographical, comparative, which made it possible to identify regulatory means and ways of representing the key concept of life and reflecting in them the dynamics of his poetic picture of the world. In his early lyrics, N.A. Zabolotsky presents life as a series of carnival processions filled with animate objects; life is turned upside down. In his later creations, the poet’s perception of life changes. Being influenced of natural philosophy, the poet closely connects the life of nature and human life, which are endowed with reason, feelings and harmoniously complement each other.

The analyzed story uses different types of comic, such as irony, parody, humor, in its soft and delicate form. Here is an example of literature addressed to readers who have only just begun to form their literary taste, and representing a kind of encyclopedia of the funny, not using extreme forms (sarcasm, satire), activating the ability to catch subtle, implicit shades of the comic, contributing to the expansion of cultural horizons and the development of logical thinking. The use of the original narration and the “text within the text” technique allow A. Aleksin to create a story literally overflowing with various kinds and techniques of the comic: from puns and incorrect word usage to parody and gentle irony, while the author never humiliates his characters, on the contrary, he makes readers sympathize with the selfless, well-read and inquisitive children, who treat their parents, teachers, and each other with respect and love. Texts of this kind, aimed at attentive readers with a fairly broad historical and literary outlook, encourage reading, activate the reader’s attention, and introduce various literary techniques. The genre of a humorous detective story in a children’s story turned out to be possible due to the fact that A. Aleksin adheres to strict rules characteristic of humorous literature: there is nothing really shocking, terrible and compassionate in his story, thanks to which the element of humor turns out to be justified and is not replaced by pity. At the same time, the plot of the detective story is motivated by the psychology of the young heroes, and their actions and deeds correspond to ideas about morality and ethics.

The reception of Dostoevsky’s works in the context of postmodern literature and philosophy constitutes a promising direction in English-language Slavistics of the XXI century. Scholarly works considered belong predominantly to slavists from the USA, but are not limited to such. These studies draw upon modern literary works, influenced by F. M. Dostoevsky (Infinite Jest by David Foster Wallace, Master of St. Petersburg and Diary of a Bad Year by J. M. Coetzee, and A Curse on Dostoevsky by Atiq Rahimi) and works of the Russian classic himself (The Double, The Karamazoff Brothers, and The Meek One). M. M. Bakhtin’s polyphonic theory links Dostoevsky’s works, works of contemporary authors, influenced by Dostoevsky, and postmodern prose. Concepts such as splitting into doubles, levelling of hierarchies, substitution of the authentic by simulacra, and deconstruction of religious and ethical meaning evoke special research interest. University of Macau Professor Peter Mathews (China) points out that the splitting of Yakov Golyadkin’s personality into doubles becomes one of the first examples of a shattering consciousness, common in postmodernist prose. Brown University Professor Svetlana Evdokimova (USA) claims that Dostoevsky created the first characters, who proclaimed a future era of simulacra. Professor of Purchase College Nina Pelikan Straus (USA) considers similarities between the religious beliefs of F. M. Dostoevsky and Jacques Derrida. She concludes that Bakhtin’s theory links the deconstruction of religious meaning with its unspoken affirmation in dialogue. University of Georgia Professor Alexander Spektor (USA) contrasts the protagonist of The Meek One with narrators of W. Gombrowitz’s postmodernist novels. PhD. student Michael Bowden (UK) finds a tendency towards metaphysical nostalgia in works of modern literature, influenced by Dostoevsky. Thus, such English-language studies of the XXI century exhibit two contradictory tendencies: some researchers emphasize the common ground between postmodern literature and Dostoevsky’s works; others believe the Russian classic’s legacy to offset to the breakdown of ethical and religious meaning, characteristic of postmodern literature.

In the period of threat to the national sovereignty of the country, awareness of the value of the Motherland through the education and upbringing system will serve as the mobilizing force that will help us confront the challenges of the present time. However, numerous teachers are experiencing some problems in realization of the tasks of the patriotic education in general; and in particular, in developing the Motherland’s image during foreign language lessons. The teachers of European languages are suffering from specific difficulties in terms of maintaining fierce information war. The aim of the study was to rethink traditional approaches to organizing patriotic education in foreign language classes, the core of which is the formation of a personality that values its Motherland. The objectives of the research are in the study of the national experience of Motherland’s image development during foreign language lessons; underpinning of the importance to review longstanding norms in accordance with the current situation; the elaboration of new approaches in the development of patriotic education which will satisfy today’s requirements. The main directions of the research were constructed on the basis of empirical data results and the methods of comparison, generalization and analysis of literature data. The material of the research is the results of the practical experience of teaching the discipline ‘Foreign language’ to the students of linguistic faculties. The formation of the image of the Motherland in foreign language lessons should be based on the following principles: 1. Preservation of continuity. Work on patriotic education in foreign language lessons should be based on the best traditions of the national system of upbringing and education. 2. Formation of a holistic image of the Motherland. For a long time, knowledge about our country was transmitted fragmentarily and, as a rule, was only supplemented with some information about the country of the language being studied. It is important once again to assess the content of major disciplines with the aim to fill in the gaps which were made earlier and did not allow to see the multi-faceted image of the country. 3. The creation of a positive image of the country. It is essential to revise the curriculum with the aim to decently and informally cover the heritage of the country in specific sectors of economy and in the world landscape. 4. The development of the skill to criticize constructively by providing a weighted and critical analysis of the disadvantages, by being able to provide positive as well as negative sides. 5. The motivation to define the student’s personal opinion as an active citizen in our society. 6. The encouragement of the students’ proactivity. 7. The revealing of the most significant contemporary issues which require the youth active participation comprises the basis of the relevance principle. A special role in this paper is attributed to the personality of a teacher who develops the need to know more about their country; enables the formation of spiritual youth’s experience which serves as a basis for developing the feeling of love to Homeland; forms the sense of belonging to the common activity; teaches to see the ways to realize their own possibilities in favor of the motherland. On the contemporary stage it is important to be aware of the significance of the individual algorithm to the acquisition of the Motherland’s image among students, as well as the skills not only in presenting this image to a representative of another culture but also in guarding the interests of the Motheland’s image.

The subject of modern professional competencies of translators and interpreters and relevancy of them adjustment in the era of the progress in machine translation and artificial intelligence are discussed. The problem of correlation of translation and MT-editing is defined; the question of changing the status of the translator and the authorship of the products is also raised. The point of the requirement to notice that translation/ interpreting was made by artificial intelligence is debatable. The ethical and confidential considerations of translation when using artificial intelligence technology are the important aspects considered in the article. Under present conditions of increased competition in the market of higher education, when words about the disappearance of the translators are becoming more insistent and a post-editor of ma chine translation, who will only need to learn how to use machine translation tools in simple professional training or additional education courses, is the most likely successor, the problem of translators’/ interpreters’ studies is strongly focused. Thus situated the key criteria for measuring of effectiveness of performance is the competence of a MT-post-editor to evaluate how accurate an AI-assisted translation is. Particularly notes that there are a number of areas in which artificial intelligence does not outperform human intelligence, therefore not be able in the near future to replace a human translator: for example, literary translation, namely translation of poetry, translation from ancient languages (Latin, ancient Greek) and medieval literature translation. In the case of literary translation, weak productivity of artificial intelligence relates to the problem of transfer of the pragmatic component, and in the context of ancient texts – the lack of database for teaching artificial intelligence. Thus, the importance of union of classical training in translation and acquisition of modern translation technologies for the successful integration of graduates into the professional sphere is emphasized.