


Vol 60, No 2 (2017)
- Year: 2017
- Articles: 25
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/1064-8887/issue/view/14757
Condensed-State Physics
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Interaction of Hydrogen Impurity with Twist Boundaries in Ni and Pd
Abstract
Using MD computer simulations, the interaction of hydrogen impurity with the (100) and (111) twist boundaries in Ni and Pd is investigated. It is shown that twist boundaries can act as hydrogen traps, though less efficient compared to vacancies and edge dislocations. According to the data obtained, the energy of hydrogen bonding with the twist boundaries is not higher than 0.1 eV for both metals under study.



Article
Thermodynamic Changes in the Coal Matrix – Gas – Moisture System Under Pressure Release and Phase Transformations of Gas Hydrates
Abstract
The physical processes occurring in the coal – natural gas system under the gas pressure release were studied experimentally. The possibility of gas hydrates presence in the inner space of natural coal was shown, which decomposition leads to an increase in the amount of gas passing into the free state. The decomposition of gas hydrates can be caused either by the seam temperature increase or the pressure decrease to lower than the gas hydrates equilibrium curve. The contribution of methane released during gas hydrates decomposition should be taken into account in the design of safe mining technologies for coal seams prone to gas dynamic phenomena.



Structural-Phase Features of the Order – Disorder Transition in an Fcc-Alloy with В2 Superstructure in the Presence of a Complex of Thermal Antiphase Boundaries
Abstract
Using the Monte Carlo method, it is shown that the presence of a dual defect in the form of a pair of thermal antiphase boundaries in an ordered FCC-alloy with В2 supersructure (CuZn alloy taken as an example) gives rise to considerable structural-phase variations in the system during the order – disorder transition compared to the defect-free system. The availability and character of the observed peculiarities largely depend both on the temperature and the distance between thermal antiphase boundaries. It is underlined that the boundaries of the Cu–Cu and Zn–Zn types differ both in linear dimensions and in the degree of ordering of near-theboundary regions. For a boundary of the Cu–Cu type, this region is smaller and less ordered in contrast to linear dimensions and ordering degree of the Zn–Zn type boundary. At low temperatures, linear dimensions of the near-the-boundary disordered regions increase with the temperature, while the overall order in the system decreases. In the range of low-stability states of the system, the dimensions of the near-the-boundary disordered regions are maintained at approximately 10 interplanar distances for a boundary of the Cu–Cu type and about 12 interplanar distances for a boundary of the Zn–Zn type. It is noted that ordering degrees in these regions become similar, antiphase boundaries become smeared and get faceted; the first disordered regions invariably appear in the vicinity of the Zn–Zn type boundary.



Heat Capacity of the Polymer Composite Based on Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract
The paper examines heat capacity of the polymer composite based on a large number of multiwall carbon nanotubes (95%/5%) in the temperature range of 300 K ≤ Т < 450 K in the course of heating and cooling. It identifies the anomalies of heat capacity and thermal diffusion that are responsible for structural phase transitions of the first order.



Structure and Phase Composition of Ni–Al–Cr Alloy Alloyed by Rhenium and Lanthanum
Abstract
The paper presents the transmission and the scanning electron microscope investigations of the phase composition and fine structure of Ni–Al–Cr-based alloy alloyed by rhenium and lanthanum. The alloy is prepared by the directional crystallization technique and then subjected to 1150°С annealing during 1 hour. It is shown that γ- and γ′-phases are major and have a face-centered cubic crystal system. Solid solutions of γ- and γ′-phase have a disordered and an ordered atom arrangement, respectively. The latter has L12 superstructure. It is found that rhenium and lanthanum alloying leads to the structural modification of γ′-phase quasi-cuboids. Not dissolving in major phases, rhenium and lanthanum are phase-formation elements and form σ-phase. The phase composition and morphology of these phases are studied and described.



Plastic Deformation of Copper-Based Alloy Reinforced with Incoherent Nanoparticles
Abstract
The paper deals with research carried out into plastic deformation of a heavy-wall pipe made of nanoparticle reinforced copper-based alloy. We present an original approach which combines methods of crystal plasticity and deformable solid mechanics, thereby allowing to study the stress-strain state of the heavy-wall pipe strengthened with incoherent nanoparticles using a homogeneous internal pressure. Dependences are constructed for the yielding area and the pressure, the limit of elasto-plastic resistance is obtained for the heavy-wall pipe and its deformation degree is described. It is shown that the particle size has an effect on strength properties of the material.



Structure and Properties of Sio2 Nanopowder Obtained From High-Silica Raw Materials by Plasma Method
Abstract
The paper presents a plasma-assisted generation of nanodisperse powder obtained from diatomite, a natural high-silica material. The structure and properties of the obtained material are investigated using the transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. It is clearly shown that the obtained SiO2 nanoparticles are spherical, polydisperse and represented in the form of agglomerates. The specific surface of this nanopowder is 32 m2/g. Thermodynamic modeling of the plasma-assisted process is used to obtain the equilibrium compositions of condensed and gaseous reaction products. The plasma process is performed within the 300–5000 K temperature range.



Analysis of Reliability of Spectral Water Vapor Line Parameters at High Temperatures in Spectroscopic Databases
Abstract
Parameters of high-temperature water vapor spectral lines presented in the well-known spectroscopic databases are discussed. As a reliability criterion for parameter values, recent experimental data on the transmittance measured with spectral resolution of 1 cm–1 at Т ~ 1000 K are employed. As a result of our analysis, 156 spectral lines were revealed (12 of them were found previously) in the HITEMP2010 database the use of which in calculations of the transmittance leads to considerable deviations (≥20%) from the available experimental data. The line intensities determined by this method exceed by 3 times and more the data presented in other spectroscopic bases. Additionally, the line intensities from the HITEMP2010 database in the spectral range 10–6000 cm–1 are completely compared with the result of semiempirical calculation at the high temperature available from the literature. The hot bands for which the relative deviation of the integral intensities exceeds 10% at T = 1302 K are identified. It is established that as a whole, the most reliable integral hot band intensities are contained in the HITEMP2010 database. This is confirmed by their least deviations from the measured transmittance at high temperatures. As a result, it is demonstrated that to obtain the best coincidence (Δav = 2.64%) with the measured data in the range 1000–2000 cm–1 in calculation based on the HITEMP2010 database, the parameter values recommended in the present work for lines with overestimated intensities and different distribution of the temperature coefficients must be used.



Analysis of the Ground Vibrational State of the Ethylene-1-13C (13C12CH4) Molecule
Abstract
To determine high-precision values of rotational-vibrational levels of the ground state of the 13C12CH4 molecule, high-resolution spectra in the infrared range 600–1700 cm–1 and microwave transitions known from the literature are used. The rotational and centrifugal parameters of the ground vibrational state with root-mean- square deviation that is by about thousand times smaller than for the parameters known from the literature are determined based on the obtained information.



Determining the Parameters of the Ground Vibrational State of the NH2D and NHD2 Molecules
Abstract
The object of the present investigation is the ammonia molecule the knowledge of the properties of which is important for solving numerous problems of astrophysics, physics, and chemistry of atmospheres of Earth, planets of the solar system, and exoplanets, nondestructive testing, and many other problems of science and technology. The parameters of the ground vibrational state of the NH2D and NHD2 molecules are determined.



The 10Be(n, γ)11Be Capture Reaction at Low Energies
Abstract
In the modified potential cluster model with forbidden states and classification of states according to Young tableaux, the possibility of describing the available experimental data for the total cross sections of the n10Be capture reaction at low energies is demonstrated.



Quantum Effects of a Vortex Gravitational Field and the Torsion of Spacetime
Abstract
Possible quantum effects, induced by the torsion of spacetime described by its pseudotrace \( {\overset{\smile }{Q}}^i=\frac{1}{6}{\upvarepsilon}^{iklm}{Q}_{klm} \), and by a vortex gravitational field described by its angular velocity \( {\upomega}^i=\frac{1}{2}{\upvarepsilon}^{iklm}{e}_{ak}{e}_{lm}^a \) of rotation of the tetrad field \( {e}_a^k\left({x}^i\right) \), are considered. Toward this end, the vacuum averages \( <0\left|{T}_k^i\right|0> \) of the energy-momentum tensor \( {T}_k^i \) of the quantized scalar field are calculated. A thorough-going analogy between physical effects induced by these two physical objects is revealed both on the classical and on the quantum level.



On the Possibility of Determining the Magnitude of the Magnetic Field of Magnetars from the Emission Spectra of Hydrogen-Like Atoms
Abstract
The widths of the spectral emission lines of a hydrogen-like atom in a superstrong magnetic field B >> (Zα)2B0, B0 = me2 / e ≈ 4.41·1013 G, have been calculated. Specifically, the width of the α-line of the Lyman series is roughly 2 times smaller than in the absence of a magnetic field. Along with linear polarization of radiation, this makes it possible to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field of magnetars within the limits of the inequality B >> (Zα)2B0 from an analysis of the hydrogen emission spectrum. The general expression, so obtained, for the spectral width for an n → n′ transition with emission of a photon allows one in principle to calculate the width of any line of the emission spectrum of hydrogen in such a field with expansion of the possibilities of experimental identification of the latter.



On the Question of the Scattering Matrix in Quantum Field Theory
Abstract
A new expression for the scattering matrix in local quantum field theory is obtained on the basis of a generalized formulation of the microcausality condition. This expression is relativistically covariant, unitary, and causal and coincides with the generally accepted expression (the T-exponential) in the case when ultraviolet (UV) divergences are absent in the latter. Conditions are formulated, under the fulfillment of which the elements of the constructed matrix do not contain UV divergences. By way of an example, the probability amplitude of the particle–particle transition for a model with ℒ(x) = λ : φ3(x): in the second-order perturbation theory is found.



Spectator Mechanism of ∆-Isobar Knockout
Abstract
A model of pion photoproduction on nuclei with emission of two nucleons that takes account of the spectator mechanism of knockout of an isobar produced in the nucleus at the virtual transition NN → ∆N in the ground state of the nuclei is presented. An analysis of experimental data for the reaction 12C(γ, π−p) at large momentum transfers is performed.



Choice of the Effective Light Pressure Model for Glonass Satellites
Abstract
The application of four light pressure models, including the standard model, two empirical models with different degrees of complexity, and physical-empirical model taking into account the optical properties of the spacecraft (SC) surface for prediction of SC motion and determination of its orbits is analyzed. The accuracy of these models used to determine the orbits of the GLONASS satellite system and the stability of the model parameters are estimated.



Influence of the Field Electron Emission from the Cathode with an Insulating Film on the Normal Glow Discharge Characteristics
Abstract
A theoretical model of the cathode sheath of a normal glow discharge for the cathode with a thin insulating film is developed. In addition to the ion-electron emission, the field emission of electrons from the metal cathode substrate into the film under the action of the strong electric field generated in the insulator is taken into account in the model. It is established that the influence of the field electron emission on the glow discharge characteristics is determined by the emission efficiency of the film, equal to the fraction of electrons going out of it into the discharge volume. It is demonstrated that the calculated normal cathode voltage drop in the discharge in argon for the cathode with a barium oxide film coincides with its measured value for the emission efficiency of the film of the order of 0.1, which is in agreement with its experimental estimations.



Temperature Dependences of the Product of the Differential Resistance by the Area in MIS-Structures Based on CdxHg1–xTe Grown by Molecularbeam Epitaxy on Alternative Si and GaAs Substrates
Abstract
In a temperature range of 9–200 K, temperature dependences of the differential resistance of space-charge region in the strong inversion mode are experimentally studied for MIS structures based on CdxHg1–xTe (x = 0.22–0.40) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The effect of various parameters of structures: the working layer composition, the type of a substrate, the type of insulator coating, and the presence of a near-surface graded-gap layer on the value of the product of differential resistance by the area is studied. It is shown that the values of the product RSCRA for MIS structures based on n-CdHgTe grown on a Si(013) substrate are smaller than those for structures based on the material grown on a GaAs(013) substrate. The values of the product RSCRA for MIS structures based on p-CdHgTe grown on a Si(013) substrate are comparable with the value of the analogous parameter for MIS structures based on p-CdHgTe grown on a GaAs(013) substrate.



Optics and Spectroscopy
Birefringence and Dichroizm of Porous Aluminum Oxide Filled with Titanium Dioxide
Abstract
Birefringence and dichroizm of a porous aluminum oxide layer filled with titanium dioxide is calculated for the model of an effective medium. Oblique incidence of ordinary and extraordinary waves is considered. A dependence of the layer transmittance on the angle of electromagnetic wave incidence is compared with the available experimental data. The sensitivity of the experimental technique suggested previously to the change of the refractive index of the pore filler is investigated.



Elementary Particle Physics and Field Theory
Symmetries of the One-Dimensional Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov Equation with a Nonlocal Quadratic Nonlinearity
Abstract
The one-dimensional Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation with a special type of nonlocal quadratic nonlinearity is represented as a consistent system of differential equations, including a dynamical system describing the evolution of the moments of the unknown function. Lie symmetries are found for the consistent system using methods of classical group analysis. An example of an invariant-group solution obtained with an additional integral constraint imposed on the system is considered.



Plasma Physics
Numerical Modeling of the Atmospheric-Pressure Helium Plasma Formed During Spark-to-Glow Discharge Transition
Abstract
Results of numerical experiment on modeling of the atmospheric-pressure plasma formed during the spark-to-glow discharge transition in helium in low-current non-stationary plasmatron are presented. The numerical experiment is performed using the developed 2D physical and mathematical plasma model in the drift-diffusion approximation. Results of numerical calculation of the dynamics of discharge evolution are confirmed by the experimental data on the atmospheric-pressure plasma dynamics formed in the plasmatron during the spark-to-glow discharge transition. It is demonstrated that with preset initial conditions characteristic for spark breakdown, further discharge evolution leads to the formation of the near-cathode zone of the potential drop and the pulsed behavior of the electric current of the discharge. After the current pulse, the discharge transforms into the quasi-stationary mode with parameters characteristic for the glow discharge with monotonically increasing electric current and transverse dimensions of the plasma column.



Physics of Semiconductors and Dielectrics
Growth of Epitaxial SiSn Films with High Sn Content for IR Converters
Abstract
Growth of SiSn compounds with a Sn content from 10 to 35% is studied. The morphology and surface structure of the SiSn layers are examined and the kinetic diagram of the morphological state of SiSn films is established in the temperature range of 150–450°C. During the growth of SiSn films from 150 to 300°C, oscillations of specular beam were observed. For the first time, periodic multilayer SiSn/Si structures with pseudomorphic monocrystalline SiSn layers with the Sn content from 10 to 25% are grown. The c(8×4) and (5×1) superstructures are identified during the growth of Si on the SiSn layer and the conditions are determined for the formation of the desired Si surface structure by controlling the growth temperature. From the diffraction reflection curves, the lattice parameter, the SiSn composition, and the period in the multilayer periodic structure are defined, which with high precision correspond to the specified values.



Physics of Magnetic Phenomena
The Influence of Magnetic Interaction on Magnetic Structure of Domain Walls in Metallic Ferromagnetic Nanofilms
Abstract
Using transmission electron microscopy, the structure of domain walls is investigated in Fe0.2–Ni0.8 alloy and nickel nanofilms. It is shown that it is controlled not only by the film thickness but also by the angle between the magnetization vector Is and the easy magnetization axis. Applying an external magnetic field along the hard magnetization axis, the field values at which the domain wall structure varies are considered. As the domain wall density becomes higher, the field interval, where magnetization variations occur, is found to increase sharply.



Brief Communications
Preparation of γ-AL(OH)3 and γ-AL2O3 Nanoparticles by the Method of Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metal Aluminum in Water



Erratum
Erratum to: Formation of Reflected and Refracted S-Polarized Electromagnetic Waves at the Plane Interface between the Vacuum and the Medium Comprising Electric and Magnetic Dipoles


