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Nº 5 (2024)
International relations
The modern world system: regrouping of forces
Resumo
The process of regrouping of geopolitical forces in world politics after the collapse of the Soviet Union is analyzed. This process began in Eurasia, but now it’s taking the form of a new, polycentric world order. New centers of geopolitical gravity are emerging, around which the “building blocks” of the new world order are being formed. At the same time, the “world liberal order” that emerged after the collapse of the USSR enters into an insoluble contradiction with the urgent needs of rapidly developing humankind. Today, one of the pivotal supporting structures of the polycentric world is the BRICS platform, which progressively involves countries and regions into the orbit of its activities. The new geopolitical reality presents very complex problems to the world that must be solved on the basis of the principles of development, justice and the accommodation and integration of numerous national interests.
7-21
Transformation of the Baltic-Scandinavian macroregion countries’ role and influence on the EU policy towards Russia (the case of the elections to the European Parliament in 2024)
Resumo
The analysis of the growing role and influence of the member states of the Baltic-Scandinavian macroregion (BSM) on the policy of the European Union towards Russia is presented. The purpose of the work is to identify and evaluate how the elections of MEPs in 2024 affected the change in the degree of influence of the BSM countries on the formation and implementation of the EU’s domestic and foreign policy by political institutions. The representation of MEPs from these countries in the governing bodies of the European Parliament has changed as a result of these elections, especially those who play a key role in the development and implementation of EU policy towards Russia. A forecast is presented of the positions MEPs from the studied region will take in the new composition of the European Commission and how this will affect its policy towards Russia.
22-33
Instrumentalization of the past in modern policy of historical memory in Latvia
Resumo
The aim of the study is to analyze the instrumentalization of history as an element of political culture used to legitimize elites and consolidate identity. The novelty of the approach is associated with the study of the current stage in the development of historical policy in Latvia. It is shown that the intellectual community of Latvia makes a secondary contribution to the transformation of memorial culture, while the main agents of historical policy have become representatives of the elites, whose utilitarian understanding of the past stimulates politically and ideologically motivated usage of history, which is integrated into the space of political culture and nationalistic discourse.
45-59
Achilles’ heel of the EU: the initiative on a cross-border carbon tax
Resumo
A systemic analysis of the vulnerability of the EU initiative on a cross-border carbon tax (CBAT) is conducted. The connection between CBAT and the European Emissions Trading System, including the scheme for the distribution of free permits, is revealed. The role of CBAM as a new source of EU revenue, changing the balance of power between the European Commission and EU member states, is shown. A conclusion is formulated on the impact of these revenues on the nature of the EU’s behavior in the global community and recommendations are made on countermeasures to effectively counter the EU initiative CBAT, including the inclusion of this issue in the BRICS agenda.
34-44
Media studies
Aesthetics of identity and historical themes in screen arts
Resumo
The article is devoted to the role of art in the formation of historical self-awareness as the basis of Russian identity. It is proposed to introduce a new concept into the analytical apparatus of the theory of identity – “aesthetics of identity”, which allows revealing unexplored aspects of identity associated with the emotional and figurative side of social thinking. From this angle, the subject matter of Russian screen production is considered, both its creative achievements and a certain limitation of the thematic range are noted. In particular, it is argued that Russian cinema has done relatively little for the artistic understanding of the era that ended the existence of imperial Russia. The deficit of high-quality screen products that present the viewer with aesthetically meaningful images of Russia during the late empire is associated with the inertia of some ideologically tendentious stereotypes of the Soviet era. Despite the considerable achievements of post-reform and pre-revolutionary Russia, despite the significant aesthetic potential of Russian life of that time, captured in painting and art photography, the modern screen is still in search of an aesthetic key to this important period. The conclusion is substantiated that without a comprehensive mastery of the artistic thinking of the era of the late empire, it is difficult to expect the emergence of aesthetic empathy, necessary for understanding the internal coherence of all Russian history and the formation of a full-fledged sense of unconditional involvement in it.
60-71
Detective stories of cross-media narratives of political news... (the “Skripal case”)
Resumo
The study analyzes detective narratives in Russian and British media about the “Skripal case.” The methodological basis is the understanding of political news in the context of agenda theory, the interpretation of mass media discourse as a cross-media narrative and the frame of a literary detective (to analyze the case of a spy detective story). The aim is to characterize the framing features of cross-media detective stories about political events in the media of Russia and the UK and the narrative form of media influence. The research materials included 1,510 Russian-language texts and 588 English-language texts identified by keywords from March to December 2018. The frequency of word usage was applied as an analysis tool. As a result, it was found that the Russian media is dominated by a focus on “documentary”, while the British mass media present news narratives consistent with the frames of literary spy detective stories. It is concluded that media framing used by the British media activates literary reception, the imagination of the reader of political news, and involves him/her in the spy story. It is emphasized that in the information competition of Russian and foreign media, Russian mass media need to develop strategies for the production of news narratives which could be more attractive in a comparative context without losing factuality and connection with reality.
72-85
Social and economic studies
Women’s entrepreneurship in economic and sociological research
Resumo
The development of women’s entrepreneurship is a potential source of economic growth. An analysis of research by economists and sociologists reveals the process of comprehending women’s entrepreneurship. The aim is to identify the specifics of studying women’s entrepreneurship. Attention is focused on the evolution of approaches to the interpretation of women’s entrepreneurship and the identification of factors that determine its activity. The conclusion is that behind the external similarity with male entrepreneurship, the activation of women’s entrepreneurship serves as evidence of the desire to establish gender equality. The practical significance of the article lies in the identification of obstacles that hinder the development of women’s business.
86-97
Social determinants of health: global trends and regional features
Resumo
The subject of this study is the prospects for developing a model for providing medical care taking into account data on the living conditions of specific patients. A new approach to solving financial and managerial problems in this area involves expanding the functionality of healthcare institutions. The goal is to identify opportunities to overcome the risks associated with the gradual redistribution of public health functions, when a significant part of the responsibility for health is transferred to the population. The analysis is based on a wide range of sources, statistics and sociological research data. It is shown that the use of models for organizing the provision of medical care taking into account the indicators of the quality of life of patients has become possible due to the introduction of digital platforms that coordinate the interaction of medical institutions, public organizations and social services. Currently, such a model is successfully applied only in some countries, as conditions are formed for reorientation to the provision of personalized care to patients, taking into account their socio-psychological characteristics.
98-110
Rostrum of a Young Scientist
The policy of India and Türkiye in Central Asia: the general and the particular
Resumo
The foreign policies of Türkiye's and India in Central Asia at the present stage are compared. The instruments, distinctive features, interests and goals of foreign policy and foreign economic activities are defined, as well as assess the effectiveness of initiatives implemented in the region are assessed as well. The transformation of public and political discourse is analyzed, the influence of the prevailing narratives on the approach formation of Türkiye and India to Central Asia is determined. It is concluded that the two countries do not have sufficient political and economic weight to be considered key players in the region but use similar methods to achieve their foreign policy goals. However, due to several factors, the effectiveness of their strategies differs. The countries’ policies are characterised by a lack of consistency and susceptibility to foreign policy conjuncture. The countries show rather restrained reactions to most intraregional conflicts, while ideological contradictions prevent constructive dialogue that could strengthen their positions in Central Asia.
111-124
Economic well-being and political attitudes as determinants of civil identity of Russians
Resumo
Civil identity is an important component of the individual’s consciousness, on which the activities, communication, behavior and interaction of both specific people and social communities largely depend. The formation of civic identity occurs in the process of socialization under the influence of a number of factors. This study identifies and examines the influence of political and economic factors on the expression of the civic identity of Russians. The criteria for the political factor are attitude to power and political activity. The political factor was also measured using two questions regarding the benefits/harms of Crimea joining the Russian Federation and the respondents’ opinions about the sanctions of Western countries against Russia. Subjective economic well-being was used as an indicator of the economic factor. The study was carried out with the participation of 1014 respondents, among whom there were 527 female respondents and 487 male respondents. It was found that trust in government institutions has a positive effect on the expression of civic identity. It was revealed that low and average levels of satisfaction with the financial situation of the family can reduce the expression of civic identity, however, other factors of subjective economic well-being still have a positive effect on the expression of civic identity of Russians.
125-137