The Pragmatics of F. M. Dostoyevsky’s Art

The article proposes a theory concerning the utmost importance of organic philosophy in the art and worldview of F. M. Dostoyevsky; taking its initial shape in his early years, the philosophy was reinforced in the years of his exile to Siberia and informed his literary practices of the 1860s–1870s.The idea of the vibrant and sapient Universe with the human being treated as a part of its Wholeemerged from the ideas of the Enlightenment, to be supported by the older Slavophiles, A. S. Khomiakov and I. V. Kireyevsky, and later expanded by A. A. Grigoryev, M. M. Dostoyevsky and N. N. Strakhov, the thinkers from theVremyaandEpokhaliterary magazines (1861–1865), who had transformed the organic theory into the pragmatic «soil» movement that called for the restitution of the ties between humans and Universe through the vivid religious feelings and through the orientation of morality and ontology towards the image of Jesus Christ. The last 20 years of Dostoyevsky’slife were dedicated to promoting this idea, while his literary work turned into the description of the ways of achieving the moral and social transformation of Humanity.