Phase Equilibria in the Sections of a Carbamide–Sodium Formate–Water System at 0 to –22°C and Anti-Icing Properties of the Salt Compounds

Abstract

The phase equilibria at 0 to –22°C in the sections of a carbamide–sodium formate–water system with ratios CO(NH₂)₂ : NaHCOO from 3 : 1 to 1 : 3 and anti-icing properties of salt compounds are studied. It is found that a compound with ratio of 1 : 1 has a temperature of the eutectic with ice of –22°C; i.e., it significantly decreases in comparison with the temperatures of the eutectics in binary systems containing carbamide or sodium formate. The compounds are characterized by a high melting capacity in relation to ice.