Use of the Highly Attenuated Vaccinia Virus, Strain NYVAC, as Recombinant Vector for Construction Vaccine Against HIV Infection

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Abstract

Despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS continues to pose a serious global public health threat. According to 2021 statistics, there were 1.5 million new HIV infections worldwide, with approximately 38.4 million people living with the virus. While ART has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition, a preventive vaccine remains the most promising solution for controlling the epidemic, particularly in developing countries with limited healthcare resources. This review focuses on the attenuated vaccinia virus strain NYVAC as a promising recombinant vector platform for HIV vaccine development. Therefore this recombinant vector was used as share in strategy immunization prime/boost in common with DNA-vaccines. As vector’s virus NYVAC is attenuated and safe for man with immunodeficiency as considerate for creation of vaccines, in main, against AIDS. Only in alone clinical trial RV144 was received modest positive response against challenge by human deficiency virus. Therefore, comparative characteristic of immune responses, inducing by recombinant vector ALVAC, used in this trial, with recombinant vector NYVAC with identical conditions, reveal preference vector NYVAC. It triggers research about substitution vector ALVAC on NYVAC, preserved regimen mimicking that of the RV144: two prime / two boost, using only one vector, insertion maximum quantity genes of antigenic determinants human immunodeficiency virus, addition protein gp120 for enhance quantity envelope proteins. Besides this, replication-restricted strain NYVAC has been modified by reincorporation in her genome of the earlier deleted genes K1L and C7L with generation vector’s virus NYVAC-C-KC, which replicate in human cells — keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Again receiving strain NYVAC-C-KC, additionally modified by deleting immunomodulate gene B19R an inhibitor of the type I interferon response with generated new vector’s virus NYVAC-C-KC-∆ B19R, which expressed greater quantity antigenic determinants of human immunodeficiency virus by increasing time reproduction in human cells. All this properties of new vector’s virus NYVAC, most probably, positive plead on effectivity vaccine against HIV infection.

About the authors

Lyudmila F. Stovba

48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7985-5516

PhD in Biology

Russian Federation, 11 Oktyabrskaya str., 141306, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region

Alexandr А. Petrov

48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9714-2085

MD, PhD

Russian Federation, 11 Oktyabrskaya str., 141306, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region

Oleg V. Chukhralia

48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2603-0860
Russian Federation, 11 Oktyabrskaya str., 141306, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region

Dmitriy I. Paveliev

48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: dpavelev@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3204-1897
SPIN-code: 1443-5000
Russian Federation, 11 Oktyabrskaya str., 141306, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region

Sergey A. Melnikov

48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: 48cnii@mil.ru

PhD in Biology

Russian Federation, 11 Oktyabrskaya str., 141306, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region

Sergey V. Borisevich

48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6742-3919
SPIN-code: 5753-3400

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of RAS

Russian Federation, 11 Oktyabrskaya str., 141306, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region

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