The epidemiological aspects and the main directions of the development of protective drugs in relation to mpox
- Authors: Onishchenko G.G.1,2, Sizikova T.E.3, Lebedev V.N.3, Borisevich S.V.2,3
-
Affiliations:
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 48 Central Scientific Research Institute
- Issue: Vol 80, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 65-70
- Section: EPIDEMIOLOGY: CURRENT ISSUES
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/vramn/article/view/310193
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn17996
- ID: 310193
Cite item
Abstract
The termination of vaccination after the elimination of smallpox currently, it has led to the fact that a significant part of the population has become highly susceptible to orthopoxvirus infection, including those with a zoonotic reservoir. Of these infections, the greatest danger to public health is monkey pox. The purpose of this review is to evaluate of potential danger of monkey pox proliferation in non-endemic territories in conditions of a decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory herd immunity the largest outbreak of monkey pox in the entire history of observations started in May 2022, spread to all inhabited continents is considered. Possible causes of the outbreak (a new path of pathogen transmission, the appearance of the monkey pox virus in the course of natural evolution of the variant, characterized by new properties, a decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory herd immunity) are analyzed.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Gennadiy G. Onishchenko
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0135-7258
MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of RAS
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowTatiana E. Sizikova
48 Central Scientific Research Institute
Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1817-0126
SPIN-code: 7768-3290
PhD in Biology, Senior Research Associate
Russian Federation, Sergiev Posad, Moscow RegionVitaly N. Lebedev
48 Central Scientific Research Institute
Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6552-4599
PhD in Biology, Professor, Leading Research Associate
Russian Federation, Sergiev Posad, Moscow RegionSergey V. Borisevich
Russian Academy of Sciences; 48 Central Scientific Research Institute
Author for correspondence.
Email: 48cnii@mil.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6742-3919
SPIN-code: 5753-3400
PhD in Biology, Professor, Academician of the RAS
Russian Federation, Moscow; Sergiev Posad, Moscow RegionReferences
- Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Ranjan Sharma A, et al. Monkeypox virus vaccine evolution and global preparedness for vaccination. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;113(Pt A):109346. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109346
- Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(2):e0010141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141
- Маренникова С.С., Щелкунов С.Н. Патогенные для человека ортопоксвирусы. — М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 1998. — 375 c. [Marennikova SS, Shchelkunov SN. Orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans. Мoscow: Kuk Sci. Press Ltd.; 1998. 375 p. (In Russ.)]
- Brown B, Fricke I, Imarogbe C, et al. Immunopathogenesis of Orthopoxviridae: insights into immunology from smallpox to monkeypox (mpox). Explor Immunol. 2023;3:525–553. doi: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00119
- Hatcher EL, Wang C, Lefkowitz EJ. Genome variability and gene content in chordopoxviruses: dependence on microsatellites. Viruses. 2015;7(4):2126–2146. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v7042126
- Curaudeau M, Besombes C, Nakouné E, et al. Identifying the Most Probable Mammal Reservoir Hosts for Monkeypox Virus Based on Ecological Niche Comparisons. Viruses. 2023;15(3):727. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030727
- Mukinda V, Mwema G, Kilundu M, et al. Reemergence of human monkeypox in Zaire in 1996. Monkeypox Epidemiologic Working Group. Lancet. 1997;349(9063):1449–1450. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)63725-7
- Huang Y, Mu L, Wang W. Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):373. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-01215-4
- Gubser G, Hue S, Kellam P, et al. Poxvirus genomes: a phylogenetic analysis. J Gen Virol. 2004;85(Pt 1):105–117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19565-0
- Bernard SM, Anderson SA. Qualitative assessment of risk for monkeypox associated with domestic trade in certain animal species, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(12):1827–1833.doi: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1212.060454
- Nolen LD., Osadebe L, Katomba J, et al. Introduction of Monkeypox into a Community and Household: Risk Factors and Zoonotic Reservoirs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;93(2):410–415. doi: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0168
- WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research, 22nd meeting. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240023147 (accessed: 10.08.2024).
- Получены первые геномы вирусов оспы обезьян, вызвавших новую вспышку. PCR News. Available from: https://pcr.news/novosti/polucheny-pervye-genomy-virusov-ospy-obezyan-vyzvavshikh-novuyu-vspyshku/?ysclid=m02b601gsa910262285 (accessed: 23.07.2022).
- Nguyen PY, Ajisegiri WS, Costantino V, et al. Reemergence of human monkeypox and declining population immunity in the context of urbanization, Nigeria, 2017–2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(4):1007–1014. doi: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2704.203569
- WHO declares mpox an international emergency; on what grounds? — The Expose. Available from: https://expose-news.com/2024/08/18/who-declares-mpox-an-international-emergency/comment-page-1/ (accessed: 22.12.2024).
- Yinka-Ogunleye A, Aruna O, Dalhat M, et al. Outbreak of human monkeypox in Nigeria in 2017–2018: a clinical and epidemiological report. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(8):872–879. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30294-4
- Isidro J, Borges V, Pinto M, et al. First draft genome sequence of Monkeypox virus associated with the suspected multi-country outbreak, May 2022 (confirmed case in Portugal). Virological.org. 2022. Available from: https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220523/First-draft-genome-sequence-of-the-Monkeypox-virus-associated-with-major-outbreak.aspx (accessed: 20.08.2024).
- Isidro J, Borges V, Pinto M, et al. Multi-country outbreak of Monkeypox virus: genetic divergence and first signs of microevolution. Virological.org. 2022. Available from: https://virological.org/t/multi-country-outbreak-of-monkeypox-virus-genetic-divergence-and-first-signs-of-microevolution/806 (accessed: 20.08.2024).
- Isidro J, Borges V, Pinto M, et al. Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus. Nat Med. 2022;28(8):1569–1572. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01907-y
- Titanji BK, Tegomoh B, Nematollahi S. Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(7):ofac310. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac310
- О регистрации первого случая оспы обезьян в России. Available from: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=22145&ysclid=m02bkwb1h758480705 (accessed: 12.06.2022).
