Modern aspects of the development and application of drug-eluting ureteral stents: from experimental models to clinical practice

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Abstract

Ureteral stents are widely used in urological practice to restore urinary tract patency in cases of obstruction of various etiologies. However, their use is frequently associated with complications, including urinary tract infections, biofilm formation, encrustation, inflammation, and patient discomfort. Contemporary research is focused on the development of next-generation drug-eluting stents capable of providing localized and sustained release of pharmacologically active agents. This review systematizes current data on modern types of drug-eluting stents used in urology, including those incorporating antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic agents, and analyzes their effectiveness and limitations. Results of experimental and clinical studies demonstrating the potential of controlled drug-release stents to reduce the risk of infection, hyperplasia, and ureteral strictures are presented. Issues of biocompatibility, material degradation, drug resistance, and future prospects for the implementation of biodegradable and smart stents based on nanotechnology and 3D printing are discussed. The development of such stent designs may substantially improve the efficacy and safety of stenting, enhance patients’ quality of life, and establish a new direction in minimally invasive urologic therapy.

About the authors

Nadezhda A. Mosyagina

Lugansk State Medical University named after Saint Luke

Author for correspondence.
Email: rrstr1990@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9176-8549
SPIN-code: 8766-2689

MD

Russian Federation, Lugansk

Anastasia V. Kuzmina

Rostov State Medical University

Email: anastasia.kuzmina542@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-0452-9970
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Kristina A. Gatsalova

Rostov State Medical University

Email: qcrsss@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-6050-7903
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Ruslan E. Gatsalov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: gatsalov_r@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-6124-655X
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Muslim M. Dzhumaev

Rostov State Medical University

Email: real2_iphone7@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8235-0589
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Ramil R. Dolaev

Rostov State Medical University

Email: ramil.dolaev1234@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-0956-6592
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Rustam I. Dzhalivov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: rustam.dzhalivov@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6094-2485
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Islam A. Abukov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: islamabukov3@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-5382-3456
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Arina R. Abdullaeva

Rostov State Medical University

Email: Abdullaeva_arina1@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4667-3702
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Asmik S. Gevorkyan

Rostov State Medical University

Email: asmikbabajan@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1882-7129
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Nikita L. Semkin

Rostov State Medical University

Email: sjomk1n@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-8592-4428
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Natalia S. Surzhenko

Rostov State Medical University

Email: Kakokha.natasha@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-4107-848X
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Gyulnaz T. Musaeva

Rostov State Medical University

Email: GMusaeva2002@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-5603-2604
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Milagros Mayely Yepez Vera

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: myv262709@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-8798-2370
Russian Federation, Moscow

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