Neurogenic heterotopic ossification: A review. Part 1

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification is the formation of bone tissues in the soft tissues of the body. A distinct form of heterotopic ossification is neurogenic, that is, resulting from severe injury to the brain or spinal cord of different genesis. Neurogenic heterotopic ossification is a complex multifactorial process of differentiated bone formation in the paraarticular soft tissues of large joints. Heterotopic ossification leads to the formation of persistent contractures and ankylosis, which cause severe disability and complicate rehabilitation.

AIM: To analyze publications dealing with various aspects of neurogenic heterotopic ossification.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first part of our review, we present the results of the literature analysis on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinic and laboratory diagnosis of neurogenic heterotopic ossification. Scientific literature databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Crossref, and eLibrary were searched for without language limitations.

RESULTS: Current literature data on heterotopic ossification in patients with central nervous system pathologies are presented. Topical questions of etiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinic and laboratory diagnostics of this pathological process are highlighted.

CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the risk factors of heterotopic ossification development and their prevention in the context of the modern knowledge of heterotopic ossification pathogenesis may help reduce the incidence of heterotopic ossification in patients with severe central nervous system injury.

About the authors

Alina M. Khodorovskaya

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: alinamyh@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2772-6747
SPIN-code: 3348-8038
ResearcherId: HLH-5742-2023

MD, Research Associate

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Vladimir A. Novikov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: novikov.turner@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3754-4090
SPIN-code: 2773-1027
Scopus Author ID: 57193252858

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Valery V. Umnov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: umnovvv@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5721-8575
SPIN-code: 6824-5853

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Alexey V. Zvozil

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: zvozil@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5452-266X

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Evgenii V. Melchenko

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: emelchenko@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1139-5573
SPIN-code: 1552-8550
Scopus Author ID: 55022869800

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Dmitriy V. Umnov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: dmitry.umnov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4293-1607
SPIN-code: 1376-7998

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Dmitriy S. Zharkov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: striker5621@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8027-1593

MD, orthopedic and trauma surgeon

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Olga V. Barlova

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: barlovaolga@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0184-135X

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Elizaveta A. Krasulnikova

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Ikrasulnikova63@mail.ru

3rd year student

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Fedor A. Zakharov

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Author for correspondence.
Email: zakfedya@yandex.ru

3rd year student

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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