Influence of dental diseases of pregnant women on newborns’ health state

Aim. To study the connection between various dental diseases of inflammatory nature in pregnant women and body weight of newborns depending on the presence or absence of systemic inflammatory reaction in the mother's organism and severity of the main symptoms of periodontal lesions.

Methods. We examined 207 pregnant patients with tooth caries, 72 patients with gingivitis and 93 women with chronic generalized periodontitis, 31 healthy pregnant women with no dental and somatic pathology and no complications of gestational period. The dental status of the patients was studied in the third trimester of pregnancy (36-40 weeks of gestation). Body weight was measured in newborn babies from pregnant women with dental pathology and without it. In peripheral, umbilical and retroplacental blood, the concentration of the inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and C-reactive protein was evaluated by latex immune turbidimetry.

Results. The decrease in weight of newborns from mothers suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis, is caused not only by severity of periodontal destruction but also by the course of the disease in pregnancy, damaged integrity and permeability of histochematic barrier, increased concentration of inflammatory mediators in the peripheral, umbilical and retroplacental blood. The risk of having a baby with low birth weight in women suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis with the depth of periodontal pockets is 6 mm, gingival bleeding during probing and increased concentration of systemic inflammatory mediators in peripheral circulation is extremely high and is 0.96.

Conclusion. In mothers suffering from severe gingivitis, moderate chronic generalized periodontitis during pregnancy in case of progressive course of chronic generalized periodontitis, the body weight of newborns is lower compared to body weight of newborns from healthy women without dental pathology.