Impact of myofunctional disorders of the maxillofacial area on the formation of occlusion pathology in children

Myodynamic balance of the muscles of maxillofacial area provides required conditions for normal development of dentoalveolar system. Dysfunction of the muscles of facial and oral area is a significant ethiopathogenetic factor of development of anomalies of tooth position and development of upper and lower jaws. Among such factors the most prevalent habits are sucking fingers, mouth breathing (in genetically, anatomically and physiologically caused absence of nasal breathing), incorrect lip seal and infantile swallowing. Position of the tongue in mouth breathing is of particular importance as positioning the tongue between the dental arches causes significant vestibular inclination of the upper incisors. As a result of these changes disocclusion is formed in vertical plane. Additional pressure of stretched buccal muscles during mouth breathing causes narrowing of the dental arches. It is required to mention that many researchers pay attention to decreased bioelectrical activity of masseters in electromyographic study in patients with occlusion anomalies. Formation of this pathology influences not only the general health state (disorder of nasal breathing, swallowing, chewing, sound pronouncing and posture) but also social adaptation of a child. Due to this children require complex approach to the diagnosis and correction of myofanctional disorders of maxillofacial area.