On the phenomenon of forced eye withdrawal in Parkinsonism

Symptomatology of the chronic stage of encephalitis (resp. parkinsonism) is extremely diverse. Lhermith's words can be recognized as absolutely fair: "Epidemic encephalitis has an extraordinary polymorphism. This is a disease that leads astray by the variability and richness of clinical manifestations.“.. Indeed, in addition to the amyostatic symptom complex (akinesis-hyperkinesis) and disorders of the autonomic nervous system known for Parkinsonism and described for the first time Economo 11 years ago, various kinds of symptoms from individual cranial nerves attracted the attention of clinicians. These include: rare blinking (S. Stellwag), blepharo-spasm-clonus, vision disorder, double vision, narrowing of the field of vision, violation of the act of convergence and accommodation with the preservation of the light reaction—the so-called perverse Argyll-Robertson, etc. Over the past 5-6 years, much attention has also been paid to a new symptom accompanying Parkinsonism in the form of forcible removal of the eyeballs up, down, to the sides and, rarely, forward. This violent friendly movement of the eyeballs in a certain direction, which occurs periodically in the form of seizures, is defined by the German authors with the word "Schauanfälle".