REMOTE ISCHEMIC PRE-CONDITIONING AS A METHOD OF ADAPTATION TO PHYSICAL LOADS

The first effect of ischemic preconditioning was discovered by Murry et al. in a 1986 experiment in dogs, it was shown that short-term sessions of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) reproduced by occlusion of the envelope branch of the heart significantly reduced the size of the heart attack caused by a subsequent 40-minute occlusion. Since the discovery of the phenomenon to the present, researchers have considered DIP, mainly as a way to protect organs and cells from ischemic damage in clinical practice. In the foreign literature, data have appeared on the use of the method of distant ischemic preconditioning as a non-drug method for increasing physical performance. This study launched the subsequent study of DIP as a method of increasing physical performance. A number of experiments showed a positive effect of DIP on physical performance indicators, while others, on the contrary, indicated the absence of a preconditioning effect. The dynamics of physical performance indicators was assessed using an anaerobic exercise test on a bicycle ergometer (30 s Wingate-test) 24 hours after the last pre-conditioning session and an aerobic exercise test on a bicycle ergometer (VO2 max) 48 hours and 7 days after the last pre-conditioning session. Anaerobic performance after a one-week cycle of exposure changed as follows: maximum developed power (Wpeak) increased by 11%, average power (Wawerage) - 4.3%, the level of perceived fatigue decreased by 12.1%. Aerobic performance also improved: the maximum oxygen consumption 48 hours after the last preconditioning session was 9.5% higher and by the seventh day after preconditioning it increased to 12.8% compared with the level before the application of distant preconditioning. Maximum aerobic power (Wmax) also increased by 18.5%, but decreased to 16.1% by the seventh day after exposure. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the use of the DIP protocol for five episodes of two minutes each with a two-minute subsequent reperfusion reduced the average duration of swimming in the experimental group from the background 257.8.3 ± 90.6 s. up to 156 ± 53.8 s on the fifth day and up to 170 ± 22, s. on the ninth day. The differences identified on the ninth day are statistically significant (p = 0.03). In the control group, there was no statistically significant fluctuation in the average swimming time: the background value was 258.0 ± 93 s., 285.5 ± 112.1 s on the fifth day and 247.8 ± 89.4 s. on the ninth day. According to the results of the experiments, it can be concluded that the use of DIP in the protocol with a five-fold use of ischemia adversely affects the physical performance of laboratory animals. We plan to further study the influence of DIP on performance indicators with the search for the optimal protocol for its use, in particular with a decrease in the frequency of use of ischemia and an increase in reperfusion time.

phenomenon, ischemia, preconditioning, blood flow, protection, working capacity, limbs, occlusion