Antimicrobial activity of the complement system

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Abstract

The complement system plays a key role in homeostasis and defense against pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of serum against Gram-negative bacteria is usually attributed to the action of the membrane attack complex. However, there is increasing evidence that some other components of the complement system and the products of its activation are also capable of direct killing of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In the course of complement activation, anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a, C5a are produced, which, in addition to their main function, can exhibit a bactericidal effect and disrupt the bacterial membrane. Recent studies have shown that in fish, complement factors D, I, as well as a Ba fragment of factor B, are able to neutralize pathogens. The triggering and amplification of complement usually occurs on the surface of pathogen cells, so the local production of antimicrobial components can potentially make a significant contribution to their elimination. The aim of this review is to outline the role of individual complement members in the elimination of pathogens through direct antibiotic action. The problem of antimicrobial protection in the context of therapeutic complement inhibition is considered.

About the authors

Ekaterina V. Egorova

Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint Petersburg State University

Email: egorova.ekaterina@internet.ru

Trainee in the General Pathology Laboratory, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology; Undergraduate student in the Faculty of Biology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Ilia A. Krenev

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: il.krenevv13@yandex.ru

Junior Research Associate in the General Pathology Laboratory, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, PhD student

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Nikita N. Oborin

Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint Petersburg State University

Email: obnn29@gmail.com

Laboratory Technician, Laboratory of Antitumour Peptide Drugs, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology; Master’s student in the Faculty of Biology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Mikhail N. Berlov

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Author for correspondence.
Email: berlov.mn@iemspb.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5191-0467
SPIN-code: 9006-6127
Scopus Author ID: 6505880084
ResearcherId: O-1283-2014

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Research Associate in the General Pathology Laboratory, Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».