Сравнительный анализ модификаций нейросетевых архитектур U-Net в задаче сегментации медицинских изображений
- Авторы: Достовалова А.М.1,2, Горшенин А.К.1,2, Старичкова Ю.В.1, Арзамасов К.М.1,3
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Учреждения:
- МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет
- Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук
- Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий
- Выпуск: Том 5, № 4 (2024)
- Страницы: 833-853
- Раздел: Обзоры
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/DD/article/view/309839
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/DD629866
- ID: 309839
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Аннотация
Методы обработки данных с использованием нейронных сетей завоёвывают всё большую популярность в области медицинской диагностики. Наиболее часто их применяют при исследовании медицинских изображений органов человека с использованием компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии, ультразвуковых и иных средств неинвазивных исследований. Диагностирование патологии в таком случае сводится к решению задачи сегментации медицинского изображения, то есть поиска групп (областей) пикселов, характеризующих некоторые объекты на снимке. Один из наиболее успешных методов решения данной задачи — разработанная в 2015 году нейросетевая архитектура U-Net. В настоящем обзоре авторы проанализировали разнообразные модификации классической архитектуры U-Net. Рассмотренные работы разделены на несколько ключевых направлений: модификации кодировщика и декодировщика; использование блоков внимания; комбинирование с элементами других архитектур; методы внедрения дополнительных признаков; трансферное обучение и подходы для обработки малых наборов реальных данных. Изучены различные обучающие наборы, для которых приведены лучшие достигнутые в литературе значения метрик (показатель сходства Dice; пересечение над объединением Intersection over Union; общая точность и др.). Также создана сводная таблица с указанием типов анализируемых изображений и выявляемых патологий на них. Обозначены перспективные направления дальнейших модификаций для повышения качества решения задач сегментации. Результаты могут быть полезны в области выявления заболеваний, прежде всего, онкологических. Представленные алгоритмы могут стать частью профессиональных медицинских интеллектуальных ассистентов.
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Анастасия Михайловна Достовалова
МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет; Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: adostovalova@frccsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-9420-4182
SPIN-код: 3784-0791
Россия, Москва; Москва
Андрей Константинович Горшенин
МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет; Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук
Email: agorshenin@frccsc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8129-8985
SPIN-код: 1512-3425
д-р. физ.-мат. наук, доцент
Россия, Москва; МоскваЮлия Викторовна Старичкова
МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет
Email: starichkova@mirea.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1804-9761
SPIN-код: 3001-6791
канд. техн. наук, доцент
Россия, МоскваКирилл Михайлович Арзамасов
МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет; Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий
Email: ArzamasovKM@zdrav.mos.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7786-0349
SPIN-код: 3160-8062
канд. мед. наук, руководитель отдела медицинской информатики, радиомики и радиогеномики
Россия, Москва; МоскваСписок литературы
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