Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk State Medical University
Peer-review medical journal
Editor-in-chief
- Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Nikolay A. Nikolaev
Founder
- Omsk State Medical University
Publisher
- Omsk State Medical University
Indexation
- Russian Science Citation Index
- CrossRef
- Google Scholar
- Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory
- WorldCat
Publications
- regular issues quarterly, 4 issues per year
- in Russian and English
Current Issue
Vol 5, No 2 (2025)
Literature reviews
Disability in disorders of statodynamic functions in children
Abstract
Childhood disability is a major medical and social problem that requires attention from the healthcare system, social policy, and pedagogy, and affects the economy of the state. The study of the structure of life limitations and the processes that affect them are important areas of the state.
The purpose of this study: to study the dynamics of childhood disability due to persistent disorders of statodynamic functions for 2017-2023.
We studied the structure of childhood disability, determined the ranking places depending on the predominant persistent disorders of body functions, and determined the dynamics over time.
As a result of the analysis, data were obtained on the distribution of childhood disability from 2017 to 2023. Disorders of statodynamic functions occupied the leading positions after mental dysfunctions and behavioral disorders. At the same time, the level of primary disability due to motor disorders decreases by 2023, with a re-examination, this indicator tends to increase slightly.
2-8
Iron metabolism and its correction in critical conditions: is everything clear-cut?
Abstract
The numerous roles of iron in the body have been known for several decades, and today much attention is paid to this metal, particularly its contribution to the development of diseases not only associated with iron overload, such as hemochromatosis, but also in a number of other conditions, specifically – in critical illnesses and infections. Very recently, convincing evidence has emerged for the critical role of non-transferrin-bound iron, also known as catalytic (free) iron, which plays a negative role in critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It would seem that trace amounts of iron, which constitute a small percentage of serum iron, are completely harmless; however, as follows from recent publications, they significantly contribute to the exacerbation of diseases, primarily by catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote oxidative stress and potentiate ferroptosis – another form of cell death. Furthermore, catalytic iron activates macrophages and promotes the growth of numerous pathogens, which are dependent on iron. This review will focus on the link between iron and anemia of inflammation, which is present in critically ill patients.
The purpose of this review is to highlight a number of underestimated phenomena in the iron metabolism of ICU patients that lead to severe disturbances in the regulation of iron levels during the acute phases of a number of critical conditions and in inflammatory states, as well as to draw attention to existing and seemingly harmless methods of anemia correction, as the main type of disorder in iron metabolism in the ICU.
9-25
Original Articles
Pharmacoeconomic methods in the evaluation of antibacterial agents and microbiological monitoring in obstetrics and gynecology
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate changes in the spectrum of antibacterial drugs, the dynamics of costs and their use in comparison with microbiological monitoring data to determine the level of sensitivity/resistance of microorganisms to various antimicrobial drugs in the departments of gynecology and obstetrics of the perinatal center of Omsk for 2020-2022.
Materials and methods. The changes in the spectrum of antibacterial agents, their quantity, and the proportion of use in the perinatal center of Omsk using pharmacoeconomical methods – ABC, VEN analysis and data on infectious and inflammatory diseases, microbial landscape and resistant strains of microorganisms were studied, processed using a statistical method (Microsoft Excel).
Results. Among the antimicrobial agents, the group of leading ones in terms of use for 2020-2022 included ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ampicillin, cefazolin, amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, azithromycin and meropenem. The microbial landscape was represented by S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. A high percentage of resistant S. aureus strains was recorded, and a high percentage of enterobacteria producing BLRS remained in 2022. ABC analysis showed that in 2020, 7.24% of the funds allocated for the purchase of medicines were spent on the purchase of antimicrobials, in 2021 – 4.89%, in 2022 – 2.58%. In 2020, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, meropenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and imipenem/cilastatin accounted for the largest share of costs. In 2021, the leaders were ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, meropenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, linezolid, azithromycin, and amikacin. In 2022, cefoperazone/sulbactam occupied the largest share.
Conclusion. The purchase and use of antibacterial agents in a medical institution providing obstetric and gynecological care is done based on laboratory and clinical research. A significant portion of the cost of purchasing the antibiotics protected by inhibitors is due to the high percentage of pathogens that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
26-31
Features of the influence of physical and chemical factors (at the level of 1.5 MPC) on accelerated aging of model organisms (based on the results of physiological, genetic and morphohistological studies)
Abstract
Annotation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of physical and chemical factors (at the level of 1.5 MPC) on the development of accelerated aging of model organisms (based on the results of original physiological, genetic and morphohistological studies and data from a literature review), to establish the primary changes that trigger the processes of premature aging to prevent these processes.
Material and methods. In the analysis of the assessment of the risks of accelerated (cellular) aging in model organisms that were 180 days under periodic isolated exposure to physical and chemical factors, methods of hygienic diagnosis and theoretical research were used: formalization, generalization, comparison, system analysis. The object of the research was the material of his own original research, as well as the results of the scientific activities of other authors available in scientific journals on this subject.
The results and their discussion. The study determined a direct relationship between the duration of exposure to physical and chemical factors (at the level of 1.5 MPC) on the health of model organisms, and their accelerated aging (according to the degree of shortening of telomere lengths, the presence of pathological changes in 2 or more internal organs, a decrease in behavioral reactions, external manifestations of aging). The conducted research will allow for a deeper understanding of the processes leading to the development of accelerated aging, which directly affects health and life expectancy.
Conclusion. The study identifies the leading role of health-saving measures in preventing the development of accelerated aging, which will undoubtedly contribute to an increase in life expectancy.
32-40
Place of combined interferon alpha 2b and H1-histaminoblocker in patients with allergic diseases of various localizations
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination drug containing human recombinant interferon alpha-2b + H1-histamine blocker for the treatment of patients with comorbid allergic diseases of various localizations (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis).
Materials and methods. The study included 57 people with seasonal allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis (AD). The respondents were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (27 people) - received human recombinant interferon alpha-2b + H1-histamine blocker locally for the treatment of comorbid allergic diseases intranasally, locally externally with application to the skin of the eyelids and other damaged areas; Group 2 (30 people) - did not receive the combination drug on damaged areas of the skin (only intranasally and on the skin of the eyelids according to the instructions for the drug, on other areas of the skin they independently applied moisturizing creams and ointments). There were 25 males (43.9%), 32 females (56.1%), patients of the most working age 22-45 years predominated.
Results of the study. After 10 days of using interferon alpha-2b human recombinant + H1-histamine blocker, in group 1 the number of respondents with nasal congestion (W=2.666; p=0.008), rhinorrhea (W=2.366; p=0.018), lacrimation (W=2.666; p=0.008), discomfort in the eye area (W=2.023; p=0.043), itching (W=2.521; p=0.012) and dry skin (W=2.666; p=0.008) significantly decreased compared to patients in group 2, where with some regression of eye and nasal symptoms, skin manifestations persisted in most patients. The severity of all symptoms assessed according to the VAS scale against the background of the use of interferon alpha-2b human recombinant + H1-histamine blocker significantly decreased in group 1 (rhinitis, conjunctivitis and dermatitis) intranasally and topically externally on the skin of the eyelids and other damaged areas, similar dynamics in group 2 regarding the decrease in the severity of skin symptoms were not observed.
Conclusion: the results of the study indicate that the administration of interferon alpha-2b human recombinant in combination with an H1-histamine blocker, topically externally on the skin of the eyelids and other damaged areas in a cohort of patients with comorbid allergic diseases (seasonal allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis) leads to a decrease in the number of patients with symptoms, the severity of existing symptoms in each, a reduction in the duration of exacerbations and their severity, and an improvement in the quality of life of patients.
41-52
Clinical cases
Clinical observation of a family with connective tissue dysplasia demonstrating the possibility of epigenetic regulation of gene expression
Abstract
A family with joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) and hyperelastic skin is presented. Clinically, the proband was diagnosed in childhood with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, but the diagnosis was not genetically confirmed. In young adulthood, the proband developed disabling kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) and subsequently kidney transplantation. The proband’s daughter was found to have renal pathology in the neonatal period on urinalysis, which progressed rapidly during adolescence. Careful examination of the daughter’s lifestyle revealed that at the age of 10 she became involved in jumping fitness (trampoline exercise) and did not follow a rational diet or nutritional regimen. Correction of these issues—adjustment of physical activity and nutrition, along with nephroprotective therapy with perindopril—led to encouraging results after two months of follow-up: disappearance of proteinuria and a sharp decrease in microhematuria.
This clinical observation of a family with connective tissue dysplasia and an unidentified genetic defect, despite whole-genome sequencing of the proband, demonstrates the possibilities of epigenetic influence with positive outcomes through personalized recommendations for the proband’s offspring.
53-59
Point of view
The personality of O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva as an example of medical deontology in teaching the discipline "Fundamentals of Russian statehood"
Abstract
Purpose: justification and presentation of the results of implementing the civic memory practice "Legendization of a Hero" in teaching the discipline "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" based on the study of the biography of O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva as an example of a professional-citizen of medical deontology.
Material and methods: theoretical analysis of biographical, archival, and memoir literature; research and description of museum and antique shop collections in Omsk; methodology of a narrative-oriented interview "The Personality of O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva as an Example of a Professional-Citizen"; target respondent groups: 1st-year students of the Faculty of Pediatrics (40 respondents) and teachers of the Department of Pediatrics, OmSMU of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (5 respondents).
Results: justification of the formation of O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva's personality in the context of her generational history was carried out; the professional contribution of O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva to the development of medicine in the Omsk region was identified and systematized; a guided tour atlas of O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva's life places was developed and presented to the museum of OmSMU of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia; a survey of 1st-year students of the Faculty of Pediatrics and teachers of the Department of Pediatrics, OmSMU of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, was conducted using the narrative-oriented interview "The Personality of O.D. Sokolova-Ponomareva as an Example of a Professional-Citizen".
Conclusion: actualization and application of interactive technologies such as the civic memory practice "Legendization of a Hero" in the process of teaching the discipline "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" allows for fostering respect for civic traditions in the university educational process based on a systemic approach that unites the main components of the sociocultural identity of the student and teacher: cognitive-semantic (knowledge and appropriation of traditional values of Russian civic traditions by the subject); emotional-value (the subject's experience of emotional engagement and positive attitude towards images of legendary heroes, objects of civic memory, and identification spaces of the small Homeland); activity-based (the subject's acquisition of experience in independent public action based on examples of the implementation of Russian civic traditions).
60-82
How will we learn in the era of artificial intelligence?
Abstract
Abstract. In this article, the authors examine the results of advanced training courses for teachers of a medical university and a medical college, which include topics on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational process. The positive and negative aspects of using AI in organizing the educational process are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the balance between the use of AI and the preservation of traditional competence-oriented technologies.
Objective of the work. Analysis of the positive and negative effects of AI in the development of professional and pedagogical competencies of a teacher in advanced training courses in pedagogy.
Materials and methods. This study is based on the competence-based, activity-based approaches and the theory of artificial intelligence. Theoretical methods are used: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, regulatory framework, analysis of the department's activities to improve the qualifications of the faculty of the medical university. systematization, generalization; empirical methods: diagnostic (observation); prognostic (expert assessment).
Results and discussion. The work was based on regulatory documents, such as the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 05/07/2024 No. 309 "On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036". The authors note that the introduction of AI technologies in the educational process of medical universities affects the formation of professional thinking of future doctors. It is indicated that this problem is becoming relevant in the context of the training of teachers of a medical university, where analytical abilities and decision-making skills in organizing the educational process are critically important. The use of AI in a medical university can significantly optimize the educational process, training of future doctors and scientific activities. However, the question remains: how ready are the teaching staff of a medical university for this transformation?
Conclusion. The introduction of AI requires a balanced approach that allows preserving fundamental clinical skills and critical thinking. The optimal model involves a reasonable combination of technological innovations with traditional pedagogical methods, which will ensure the training of competent specialists in the era of digital medicine.
83-89