Nº 4 (2022)
- Ano: 2022
- Artigos: 10
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2782-232X/issue/view/21309
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31660/2782-232X-2022-4
Edição completa
ARCHITECTURE
A retrospective of the spatial development of Yaroslavl region
Resumo
The article considers the principles of spatial settlement in the modern territory of the Yaroslavl region, urban planning and the main social and economic factors influenced the development of regional cities. From the second half of the 11th century in Russia intensified the tendency of building towns along the banks of rivers and lakes, and this one determined the peculiarities of urban planning of the region. Cities of Yaroslavl region were characterized by fan layout. During several first five-year plans Yaroslavl became one of the main industrial centers of the country. The current strategy of social and economic development of Yaroslavl region is aimed at strengthening small and medium-sized cities, taking advantage of the proximity to Moscow agglomeration.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):6-15
6-15
Stages of urban planning of the historical towns of Tobolsk province (1796-1920)
Resumo
The article considers the main stages of the formation of the historical towns of Tobolsk province: expeditionary, defensive, commercial and economic and the stage of capitalism. The peculiarities of urban formation of settlements in terms of topography and economics were revealed. The functional purpose of the historical centers of the region (Ishim, Tobolsk, Tyumen, and Yalutorovsk) and the nature of urban planning changes in the late XIX – early XX centuries were determined.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):16-27
16-27
CONSTRUCTION
Algorithms for preliminary evaluation of the technical state of social buildings
Resumo
The article presents an algorithm for the preliminary evaluation of the technical condition of structural elements of social buildings (on the example of kindergartens and schools in Tyumen), taking into account the date of construction, the characteristics of structures and the possibility of choosing the effective methods of repair. The correlation between the detected damages and the type of structural elements as well as the year of building construction was revealed. A rational sequence of actions to evaluate the technical state of the structures of buildings with recommendations for their elimination has been proposed.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):28-35
28-35
Analysis of experimental data of lightweight armoured concrete slabs with combined reinforcement
Resumo
The paper analyses the results of experimental studies of samples of rectangular plates working in two directions while resting them in the corners. The specimens combine with different materials: heavy monolithic concrete, prefabricated blocks of lightweight concrete, metal and composite reinforcement. The combined reinforcement allows to reduce weight of the specimens and gives new properties for structure during the operation. These properties are caused by different combinations of materials, their rational placement and peculiarities of physical and mechanical characteristics. Analysis of the results (indicators of strength, cracking resistance, deformability, schemes of fracture) was carried out by comparing the types of reinforcement, its amount, as well as changes in the strength of heavy concrete. It has been found that partial swap metal reinforcement (in the middle zone of slabs) for the composite reinforcement slightly reduces the strength, decreases rigidity and cracking resistance, and changes the mechanism of specimen failure.This paper has clearly shown that the combined structure is promising due to reducing the weight, increasing the resistance to corrosive and dynamic impacts while ensuring reliability of construction in bearing capacity and rigidity.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):36-45
36-45
Corrosion of internal steel surfaces in the heat supply network. Analysis and detection methods
Resumo
Heat supply networks in Tyumen region are characterized by a high damage rate, and as a result increase heat losses and reduce operating efficiency of heat supply networks. Reducing the reliability of heating networks increases the cost for their operation, for the elimination of the consequences of accidents and the restoration of the urban environment. The authors of this article consider that the cause of increased pipeline failure is internal corrosion damage and its consequences, detected in the operation at the resource supply company in Tobolsk during the heating periods of 2018-2022. An analysis of the source of the internal corrosion appearance on steel pipelines of different diameters and different types of laying was carried out, an attempt to determine the correlation between external corrosion layer and internal one was made, the influence of the oxygen content in the heat transfer fluid was taken into account. During preparing the article, different variants to minimize the corrosion damage of the internal pipeline surface and to reduce the level of oxygen dissolved in the aqueous environment have been considered.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):46-52
46-52
Passive heating system of a residential building
Resumo
In this article, we will talk about the passive heating system applied to residential buildings in rural areas. The air heating system is used as a heating surface in buildings with multi-channel structures in the fencing structures (external wall, floor and roof). In these cases, the author considers the issues of the first and second conditions of temperature comfort, taking into account the temperature of the heating surface.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):53-59
53-59
Experience in designing the supply- and-exhaust ventilation systems on the example of the premises of the office center in Tobolsk
Resumo
Тhe article reviews examples of design and comparison of supply, exhaust and supply-andexhaust ventilation systems in particular rooms of the office center in the city of Tobolsk. The advantages of the device of supply-and-exhaust units with a heat recovery in rooms with excess heat are considered. The design schemes of two variants of ventilation systems are given: autonomous and supply-andexhaust. Aerodynamic calculations of ventilation systems were performed and presented in the form of tables. A technical and economic comparison of the version of the ventilation system with a plate heat recovery and the version without it was carried out. The ventilation equipment was selected. Summing up the results, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use the option of designing a supply-and-exhaust ventilation system with a plate heat recovery.Besides, the authors consider the methods of heat energy recovery in the supply-and-exhaust ventilation systems in particular office premises, which significantly reduce the consumption of thermal and electrical energy. Designs with a heat recovery eliminate unnecessary costs for heating the outside air. Due to the constant increase in tariffs for basic energy resources, air recovery becomes necessary and uses in the design of ventilation systems.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):60-72
60-72
Possibilities of using industrial waste to produce structural ceramics
Resumo
Тhe article considers the possibility of using a waste in the form of slag from the metallurgic plant "Electrostal of Tyumen". A fine-grained slag is offered to be introduced into the composition of a raw charge for making the wall ceramics. The presented experimental data demonstrate the effect of slag as a leaner additive and flux at the same time, which allows reducing the plasticity index of clay in Kyshtyrlynskoye deposit in Tyumen and the temperature of its sintering. The results show an increase in the strength of ceramic shard by 23.8 %. A combustible additive (wood flour) is introduced in addition to the composition of the raw mix to improve the heat engineering characteristics of ceramic products. The strength of the ceramic shards with metallurgic slag and combustible additive is 63.4 % more than strength of samples with combustible additive at firing temperature 950 ºС.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):73-81
73-81
TRANSPORT
Optimization of the organizational processes at the service station
Resumo
The article describes the problems of organizational processes in a car service station, including the problems of unproductive losses of working time. The factors influencing the processes of service provision by the service station were identified. The authors formed the conclusions and proposed solutions of problems on the example of a particular company of automobile service.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):82-92
82-92
Modernization of drilling rigs using driving planetary machines with variable parameters
Resumo
Variable speed characteristics and variable gear ratios of the drive mechanisms of the working bodies of the drilling rig were obtained for a planetary mechanism with a double satellite and a rocker carrier. With the help of the obtained kinematic characteristics, the design and technological parameters of the planetary drive mechanisms of the technical means of drilling rigs will be established. Design and technological parameters will be tested with experimental studies depending on the variable speed characteristics of the planetary friction mechanism.
Architecture, Construction, Transport. 2022;(4):93-100
93-100