The cleft construction: A formal definition
- Авторлар: Mel’čuk I.1
-
Мекемелер:
- Observatoire de linguistique Sens-Texte, Université de Montréal
- Шығарылым: Том 29, № 2 (2025)
- Беттер: 218-249
- Бөлім: Articles
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2687-0088/article/view/313425
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-41329
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ITFPNA
- ID: 313425
Дәйексөз келтіру
Толық мәтін
Аннотация
The paper addresses the task of systematizing linguistic notions and corresponding terminology: it presents a rigorous definition of the notion of cleft construction. The study is carried out in the theoretical framework of the Meaning-Text approach. The substantive and formal requirements on a rigorous linguistic definition are formulated. The cleft construction in English is described as a basis for the definition: the semantic [SemR], the deep-syntactic [DSyntR] and the surface-syntactic [SSyntR] representations of three English cleft sentences are given, as well as five formal DSyntR ⇔ SSyntR rules for the expression of a focalized Rheme by the cleft construction. The cleft construction is defined as a particular type of linguistic sign; it is a grammatical (surface-syntactic) idiom, headed by a lexeme of the copula verb ‘be’ with fairly complex syntactics. An overview of cleft constructions in several languages structurally different from English-French, Spanish, German, Irish, Kinyarwanda, and Mandarin Chinese-follows. Finally, pseudo-cleft sentences are considered; in contrast to cleft sentences, they are special only from a semantic, but not from a syntactic viewpoint (there is no term * pseudo-cleft construction ): they present a particular organization of the starting meaning. The results of the paper: 1) It proposes a formal notion of cleft construction, which allows the researchers to distinguish-in various languages-syntactic phenomena that serve the same informational purpose (namely, the expression of a focalized Rheme or Theme), but are structurally different; in this way the paper contributes to General syntax. 2) It provides a sketch of a formal description of the cleft construction in English, thus contributing to English studies.
Негізгі сөздер
Авторлар туралы
Igor Mel’čuk
Observatoire de linguistique Sens-Texte, Université de Montréal
Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: igor.melcuk@umontreal.ca
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4520-0554
Professor Emeritus at the University of Montreal, Canada. He is the proponent of the Meaning-Text approach to natural language and one of the pioneers of Machine Translation (since 1954). His research interests include general linguistics (with special attention to its conceptual apparatus and terminology), semantics (with special attention to lexicology and lexicography), syntax (with special attention to dependency structures), and morphology. His work is based mostly on Russian and French, but concerns also English and several other languages (Spanish, Hungarian, Lezghian, Alutor, Dyirbal, Bafia, Kirundi, Korean).
Montreal, CanadaӘдебиет тізімі
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