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卷 521, 编号 1 (2025)

年: 2025
文章: 6
URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2686-9535/issue/view/20299

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CHEMISTRY

Transition metal-free acetylene chemistry: Trends and rates of development. A review

Schmidt E., Trofimov B.

摘要

Behind the modern snowballing growth of publications devoted to transition metal-catalyzed chemistry of acetylene, the works dealing with acid- and base-promoted acetylene reactions stand in the background, although acid-base catalysis, along with enzymatic one, hold a dominant place in living nature. It was acid-base catalysis that was historically first introduced into human practice, and then into research. Until now, the majority of practically important reactions involving acetylene (these are mainly Favorsky reactions: vinylation of alcohols, ethynylation of carbonyl compounds, prototropic isomerization of alkynes, rearrangement of α-haloketones) represent base-catalyzed processes. Over the last decades, transition metal-free acetylene chemistry was progressing owing to the employment of superbases and superacids for the activation of the triple carbon–carbon bond. In the present paper, using recent publications of the authors (2021), the advances in application of superbase media in the chemistry of alkynes are surveyed. Also, the usage of electron-deficient acetylenes as objects especially sensitive to the action of bases in the search for new preparative reactions with participation of the triple carbon–carbon bond is analyzed. A short period (one year) was chosen in order to clearly illustrate the dynamics and efficiency of research in this area.

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Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Himiâ, nauki o materialah.. 2025;521(1):3-14

3-14

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Synthesis of new primary and secondary amines containing a cycloacetal fragment

Borisova Y., Vazhenin B., Sokov S., Golovanov A., Raskildina G., Sultanova R., Zlotskii S.

摘要

As a result of single-reactor reduction amination of 1-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-yl)ethane-1-one with primary amines of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and fat-aromatic series, the corresponding N-substituted 1-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-yl)ethane-1-amines with yields of 58–69% were obtained for the first time. Sodium cyanoborohydride is an effective reagent for reductive amination of the studied ketone, while sodium triacetoxyborohydride showed low activity in this reaction. Hydrogenolysis of N-benzyl-1-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-yl)-ethane-1-amine in the presence of palladium yielded 1-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-yl)ethane-1-amine with a yield of 91%.

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Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Himiâ, nauki o materialah.. 2025;521(1):15-19

15-19

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Investigation of the ability of humic acids of peat to complex with zinc ions

Brovarova O., Brovarova D., Ignatiev G.

摘要

Today, much attention is being paid to the issue of processing peat into useful and environmentally friendly products that could be used in various fields of industry and agriculture. In this work, the mechanisms of interaction of zinc (II) ions with humic acids (HA) isolated from lowland peat, a peat deposit in Syktyvkar district of the Komi Republic, are investigated. During the static sorption experiment, it was revealed that when interacting with a solution of zinc nitrate (pH 3.0) with humic acids, the maximum degree of extraction of zinc ions from the liquid phase was 54%. Upon further leaching of the sorbed ions, 78% is removed using highly acidic desorbents, and the remaining amount (up to 12.4%) remains in the humic acid structure. The purpose of this work is to study the sorption process on humic acids of lowland peat extracted in the vicinity of the Komi Republic in order to assess the possibility of using HA as ion-exchange and chelating preparations for crop production and agriculture and ecology in general.

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Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Himiâ, nauki o materialah.. 2025;521(1):25-31

25-31

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Novel catalysts based on magnesium, aluminum, nickel and cobalt hydroxo salts for the carbon dioxide conversion of biogenic alcohols to hydrogen-containing gases

Dedov A., Loktev A., Chibrikova D.

摘要

Catalysts based on alumomagnesium hydroxo salts of hydrotalcite type containing nickel and cobalt ions have been used for the first time for carbon dioxide conversion of biogenic alcohols – ethanol and isobutanol – into hydrogen-containing gases (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). At the optimum temperatures of 800–900°C, the hydrogen yield in the conversion of ethanol reaches 77–97%, in the conversion of isobutanol – 80–89%.

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Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Himiâ, nauki o materialah.. 2025;521(1):32-41

32-41

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Calcium-ion binding by polymeric alendronate derivatives

Nekrasova T., Fischer A., Nazarova O., Salikova E., Zolotova Y., Gavrilova I., Dobrodumov A., Bezrukova M., Panarin E.

摘要

Water-soluble phosphorus-containing polymers of various structures have been synthesized for the first time: a homopolymer of acryloyl alendronate, its copolymers with 4-acryloylmorpholine and 2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido-D-glucose, and a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone with allyl alendronate. A comparative study of their ability to bind calcium ions has been conducted. It has been shown that for alendronate-containing polymers, the amount of Ca²⁺ bound by one phosphorus-containing group is 2 to 3 times higher than that of polyvinylphosphonic acid.

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Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Himiâ, nauki o materialah.. 2025;521(1):20-24

20-24

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Mass spectrometry and chromatography in the investigation of Fluralite^® and metalcontaining composites based on it

Ul’yanov A., Polunina I., Buryak A.

摘要

Mass spectrometry and gas-chromatography were used to study low and high-molecular weight organic fluorocompounds. Experimental results were compared with molecular statistics calculations of thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption of fluoroderivatives of methane, benzene, toluene and diphenyl on graphitized thermal carbon black. Thermodesorption mass spectrometry coupled with gas-chromatography as well as laser desorption/ionization techniques were used to analyses destruction products of polytetrafluoroethylene (Fluralite^®). The fragmentation of polymer characteristic ions in different modes of ionization was investigated. It was observed the introduction of metals (magnesium and tungsten) and non-metals (silicon and boron) in Fluralite^® significantly affects the destruction processes. The depolimerization of fluoroplastics with formation of fluoroalkanes and fluoroalkenes up to 3000 Da was characterized only for Fluralit^® mechanical activated with non-metals. It was found that the complex of chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques can effective characterize the fluoroplastic destruction products.

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Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Himiâ, nauki o materialah.. 2025;521(1):42-52

42-52

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