Правомочность и безопасность назначения «диет против рака»: обзор
- Авторы: Обухова О.А.1, Курмуков И.А.1, Юнаев Г.С.1, Рык А.А.2
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Учреждения:
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина
- Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского
- Выпуск: Том 6, № 3 (2025)
- Страницы: 128-138
- Раздел: Научные обзоры
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2658-4433/article/view/363055
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/clinutr695962
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LQIVAS
- ID: 363055
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Аннотация
Среди онкологических больных использование альтернативных режимов питания получило широкое распространение. В большинстве случаев пациенты самостоятельно выбирают подобные диеты. Дефицит специалистов, которые одинаково хорошо разбираются в онкологии, диетологии и гастроэнтерологии, способствует увеличению случаев самолечения и обращению за помощью к неквалифицированным специалистам и непроверенным источникам в интернете. В связи с этим анализ наиболее популярных альтернативных диет представляет собой актуальную задачу. Целью исследования являлась оценка обоснованности наиболее популярных альтернативных диет в составе комплексной поддерживающей терапии злокачественных новообразований на основе анализа литературы. Для решения поставленной задачи провели поиск публикаций в системе PubMed и Научной электронной библиотеке (e-Library) за последние 20 лет по ключевым словам: «диета против рака», «альтернативная диета», «рак», «комплементарные методы лечения», «клинические рекомендации». На основе полученных данных выявили наиболее популярные в онкологической практике диеты: кетогенная, средиземноморская, Герсона, Будвиг и Брейса. Проанализировали компоненты этих диет, их влияние на профилактику заболевания, канцерогенез и общую выживаемость онкологических больных. Рассмотрели вопросы безопасности и правомочности назначения указанных режимов питания. Данные показали, что кетогенная и средиземноморская диеты являются наиболее изученными. Кетогенная диета опирается на теорию Варбурга, однако не имеет значимого противоопухолевого эффекта. Более того, в некоторых клинических исследованиях отметили её канцерогенную направленность. Средиземноморская диета продемонстрировала эффективность в профилактике, но не в лечении злокачественных новообразований. Диеты Герсона, Будвиг и Брейса противоречат основным положениям канцерогенеза и не имеют доказательной базы относительно их эффективности. Таким образом, в настоящее время следует придерживаться клинических рекомендаций по нутритивной поддержке, разработанных международным и российским профессиональными сообществами. Эти рекомендации основаны на большом объёме клинического материала, обладают достаточной доказательной базой и не допускают использования сомнительных диет онкологическими пациентами.
Об авторах
Ольга Аркадьевна Обухова
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: obukhova0404@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0197-7721
SPIN-код: 6876-7701
канд. мед. наук
Россия, МоскваИлдар Анварович Курмуков
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина
Email: kurmukovia@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8463-2600
SPIN-код: 3692-5202
канд. мед. наук
Россия, МоскваГригорий Сергеевич Юнаев
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина
Email: garik_dr@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9562-9113
SPIN-код: 4410-8937
Россия, Москва
Алла Александровна Рык
Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского
Email: alla-ryk@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3968-3713
SPIN-код: 3984-7800
канд. мед. наук
Россия, МоскваСписок литературы
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