Том 30, № 3 (2020)

Introduction. The development of intelligent control systems by means of various production and technological processes is an urgent problem. Pre-sowing seed treatment is an important agricultural process, without which it is impossible to get a planned harvest of high quality.
Materials and Methods. To create an intelligent system for control of seed mixing processes in seed processing machines before sowing, the technological process of pre-sowing treatment should be considered as a multi-level biotechnical system. There is a relationship between the objects of the biotechnological system in the process of pre-sowing seed treatment that can be represented in the form of a block diagram. A multi-level biotechnological system is considered as a cyber-physical system – a combination of various natural and artifi cial objects which is a single whole capable of self-preservation and development.

Results. The components of an intelligent system for controlling dynamic mixing processes will be working memory, many fuzzy rules describing the execution of mixing operations, and a strategy for selecting rules depending on the state of the system. In developing the intelligent mixing process control system, a return strategy is implemented. The strategy of dynamic mixing system control is implemented by a direct conclusion.
Discussion and Conclusion. The intelligent biotechnology control system will allow controlling the mixing process in real-time, correcting the kinematic parameters of the mixer and warning timely about the probability of damage for the elastic working element. Preliminary expert assessments and laboratory tests have shown that the use of an intelligent control system for seed treatment processes before sowing will improve the quality of the decisions made, reduce the control time of the mixing process by more than two times compared to existing control methods, reduce the physical load on the operator by 50% and increase the productivity of the mixing process by up to 20%.

Introduction. Agricultural machinery and devices used for harvesting white lupines do not provide a complete collection of seeds, which leads to the violation of agricultural requirements for the harvesting of leguminous crops. It is necessary to find new technological and technical solutions to reduce losses of seeds during this process. The most perspective solution to the problem of white lupine harvesting is the application of industrial flow line technology together with the improvement of the method to comb standing plants by a stripper header.
Materials and Methods. The article presents the design of a laboratory setup with experimental working bodies, which allows simulating the process of harvesting white lupines by separating the seed part of plants in the field. The empirical method based on the theory of multi-factor experiment was used to substantiate the parameters and operating modes of the stripper header with fingers for large seed crops. The algorithm and results of experimental studies to determine the completeness of seed collection are presented.
Results. The results of the laboratory studies of the stripper header with fingers for largeseeded crops to determine the qualitative indicators for the completeness of the collection of white lupine seeds are presented. It is determined that the maximum completeness of seed collection is 99.5%.
Discussion and Conclusion. In studying the technological process of harvesting white Degas lupine seeds by a combing header with fingers for large-seeded crops under laboratory conditions, the physical and mechanical properties of plants were experimentally studied, their morphological characteristics were clarified, and the regimen-technological parameters of the harvesting header were determined to ensure seed loss within agrotechnical requirements (0.5%).

Introduction. Determining the angle of friction between stripper fingers and a wheat ear is an important task aimed at finding the optimal design parameters and operating modes of stripping devices. When stripper fingers and wheat ears interact, the relative position of the ear glumes, flower glumes, and grains is densified. In this case, the spikelet surface roughness changes.
Materials and Methods. A series of experiments was carried out to determine the angles of friction between a steel stripper fingers and wheat ears. Wheat varieties “Moskovskaya 40” and “Moskovskaya 56” were selected for the study. The experimental measuring installation is a frame with a rotatable platform mounted on it with the adjustable angle of rotation. The goniometer head provides the ability to fix the platform rotation angle value. The weight suspended from the stem of the plant imitated the forces arising in the process of stripping. The width and thickness of the wheat ear were also measured and recorded.
Results. The influence of the size of the wheat ear on the angle of friction is determined. The results of the study are divided into two groups. The following values of the friction angles were obtained: 26.4–31.5° for the wheat with ear width of less than 10.4 mm; 22.0–27.1° for the wheat with ear width of more than 10.4 mm.
Discussion and Conclusion. The angles of friction of wheat ears on the stripper fingers for wheat varieties specific to the Central region are obtained. The dependence of the angle of friction on the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the wheat ear and the slit width of the stripper fingers is established. When a wheat ear width is less than 10.4 mm, an effect of pinching the spikelets between the stripper fingers was observed. In this case, the coefficient of friction noticeably increased.

Introduction. In the technical service enterprises, the reliable estimation of a technical condition of hydraulic gear pumps of tractor mounted hydraulic systems is a priority in introducing new repair processes. The absence of data of manufacturing plants on limiting wear of working surfaces of hydraulic pump details, when the decision on repair is taken, leads to the necessity of carrying out additional researches. In this regard, the purpose of work is to find the limit wear values for working surfaces of details of round gear hydraulic pumps.
Materials and Methods. The laboratory tests of used round gear hydraulic pumps were carried out according to the method developed in the GOSNITI on the hydraulic bench of the KI-28097M-GOSNITI. The controlled parameter during tests is the pump delivery rate.
Results. The results of laboratory bench and micrometer studies of used round gear hydraulic pumps are presented in the work. The mathematical model of pump delivery rate dependence on statistically significant independent factors is obtained. The limit values for wear of working surfaces of round gear hydraulic pump details are determined by the steepest ascent method on the received mathematical model.
Discussion and Conclusion. According to the results of the input bench control of the used round gear pumps, 81% of the tested units were operated in the over-extreme limit state. The limit values for wear of working surfaces of round gear hydraulic pump details obtained by the steepest ascent method make it possible to make a conclusion about the necessity of their restoration in repairing at technical service enterprises.

Introduction. National Technology Initiatives (STI), designed to develop and implement High-Tech tools into engineering practice and based on the Industry 4.0 concept, require appropriate technical solutions for all phases of the product lifecycle from design to disposal. Implementation of the concept involves the formation of technological groups and markets in different directions in particular one of the emerging markets of STI is Auto.Net. 
Materials and Methods. The article presents the methodology and results of designing an electric vehicle-tricycle in the integrated CAD/CAE systems. The design process is the development of digital parametric models of different types and levels on a top-down and bottom-up basis. The parametric properties of models provide the ability to develop design solutions efficiently, including design, analysis and optimization. 
Results. The results of the study are rational design paths for the structures of the class under consideration in the SolidWorks software, as well as design solution of the electric tricycle-vehicle in the form of a system of integrated parametric models, including 3D models of parts and assemblies, models of solid-state mechanics, finite-element models for solving problems of mechanics of the deformed solid body in the form of linear and non-linear statics, linear dynamics, parametric optimization. 
Discussion and Conclusion. In the research, the design trajectory of the electric vehicletricycle based on correct formulation for the design problems and providing the rational choice of means, tools, and technologies from basic SolidWorks functionality is presented. The trajectory provides both an efficient solution to design problems and an assessment of the adequacy of the results obtained. In terms of the possible perspective of this work, it is necessary to specify the solution of optimization tasks according to various criteria of project efficiency and the development of an integrated (cyber-physical) model of electric vehicle-tricycle, which meets the requirements of digital twins. 

Introduction. The Deterministic Topology Optimization model provides a single solution for a given design space, while the Reliability-Based Topology Optimization model provides several reliability-based topology layouts with high-performance levels. The objective of this work is to develop two strategies that can provide the designer with two categories of resulting topologies.
Materials and Methods. Two alternative approaches based on the Inverse Optimum Safety Factor are developed: the first one is called the Objective-Based IOSF Approach and the second one is called Performance-Based IOSF Approach. When dealing with bridge structures, the uncertainty on the input parameters (boundary conditions, material properties, geometry, etc.) and also output parameters (compliance, etc.) should not be ignored. The sensitivity analysis is the fundamental idea of both developed approaches, identifies the role of each parameter on the structural performance. In addition, the optimization domain choice is important when eliminating material that should not affect the structure functioning.
Results. Two numerical examples on a 2D bridge structure are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed approaches. When considering a certain reliability level, the Reliability-Based Topology Optimization leads to two different configurations relative to the Deterministic Topology Optimization one. When increasing the reliability levels, the quantity of materials decreases that leads to an increase in the number of holes in the structures.
Discussion and Conclusion. In addition to their simplified implementation, the developed alternative approaches can be considered as two generative tools to produce two different categories (families) of solutions where an alternative choice between two functions (objective/performance) is presented.