Nº 2 (2025)
Articles
Stimulating Investments in Human Capital in the Agro-Industrial Sector as a Factor in Ensuring Food Security
Resumo
The article is devoted to the development of mechanisms for improving the development of human capital in the agricultural sector with the participation of state regulators. The author identifies factors influencing the agro-industrial complex that contribute to the development of the national food system (development of rural areas and their infrastructure; investments; human capital; innovations). The following systemic problems of the effective use of human capital in the agricultural sector are identified: low qualification of personnel in the field of agriculture and food production; unfair distribution of the results of agricultural labor. The following macroeconomic data are studied: the number of graduates by profession, postgraduates and doctoral students, average monthly nominal accrued wages by type of activity; concerning the interaction between human capital, the agro-industrial complex and the food system. The following methods are used: comparative analysis, simulation modeling, interpretive studies, tabular and graphical methods of data presentation, analysis of a dynamic series and structural analysis. A reduction in the number of graduates of higher and professional levels in general for 2016-22, as well as in the sectors of "agriculture, forestry and fisheries" was revealed. The concept of E-STEM education, based on mutual partnership of educational, scientific institutions and business and taking into account entrepreneurial practice, was proposed as a tool for accumulating human capital. In addition, an assessment of wages by types of activity was carried out, on the basis of which an unfair distribution of wages in proportion to gross added value was proven. For this purpose, the use of financial regulation mechanisms was proposed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive development of tools that affect the accumulation of human capital in the agro-industrial complex through the optimization of national educational and fiscal policies.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):1-18
1-18
Nuclear energy - political and economic factors of development
Resumo
At the moment, the development of nuclear energy is one of the most technologically complex sectors of the energy sector, which includes a number of other sub-sectors, including those with a high share of R&D. It is a clear demonstration of the technological superiority of the countries developing it, increases their competitiveness by generating cheaper electricity, stimulates economic development and thereby creates jobs. However, the development of peaceful nuclear energy is influenced by a number of political and economic factors that have both restraining and stimulating effects on the industry. In the context of the green energy transition, the author sees it as relevant not only to assess the dynamics of nuclear energy on a global scale, but also to highlight the most significant political and economic barriers to its development. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the analysis of political decisions on the development of nuclear energy in the EU, USA, Russia, China and certain other countries. The novelty lies in comparing and paying special attention to the modern development of nuclear energy in Russia and highlighting its differences from other regions. The key results of the study are: analysis of the global energy balance, highlighting the role and share of nuclear energy, which demonstrates stable dynamics; the factors hindering the development of the industry in terms of political and economic at the global level are highlighted. Thus, the main results of the article consist of the dichotomy of incentives and restrictions for the development of the nuclear industry at the present stage in the world - the current state of absence of rapid growth of nuclear energy is caused by the balance of these opposite trends.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):19-26
19-26
Implementation of feedback as one of the conditions for effective management of social systems
Resumo
The subject of the study is the management of complex social systems, the object of the study is to increase the effectiveness of management through the use of feedback. The lack of feedback is one of the most significant drawbacks of any management system. At the same time, most social management systems, such as municipal and public administration systems, did not have such systems in their full understanding. This was determined primarily by technical problems, namely, the lack of a means of promptly collecting and processing large volumes of poorly formalized information. Currently, with the advent of big data processing technologies, it is possible to implement these requirements. Accordingly, it has become relevant to develop requirements for such systems, substantiate the required parameters, structure and characteristics of feedback. To do this, the article suggests using mathematical modeling methods, describing the model in terms of the theory of automatic control. Based on the analysis of the management features of complex human-machine systems, proposals for organizing feedback to increase the stability of their management are synthesized. Using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the article formulates the basic principles of feedback in social management systems. The main conclusion is the possibility of introducing feedback technologies into municipal and public administration systems, as well as their positive impact on the functioning of the management system. The main scientific results presented in the article are the conclusions on evaluating the effectiveness of feedback implementation. The authors substantiate the requirements for feedback components, their impact on sustainability and management efficiency. The provisions developed in the article can improve the efficiency of the functioning of municipal and public administration systems. Taking into account the turbulence of the modern world, the use of destructive social technologies within the framework of a "hybrid" confrontation, the proposed methods can ensure an increase in the stability and efficiency of the management system, ensuring the stability of the state as a whole.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):27-39
27-39
The assessment of the condition of the National Security of the Russian Federation in the regional aspects: research and justification of a set of indicators
Resumo
The article substantiates the necessity to convert federal level assessing the state of national security of the Russian Federation to the regional level. The importance of taking into the regional specifics when forming such assessment including government department’s actions coordination improving, local communities communication importance and making decisions efficiency increasing. The analysis of the existing approaches to the assessment of the social-economic level and national security of the Russian Federation is carred out. Flaws of the currently using government method are pointed. The bias to the expert assessments are designated. The hypothesis about the necessity of the science-based set of regional indicators of the state of the national security of the Russian Federation has been put forward in the aims of increasing the efficiency of analysis, forecasting and modeling of the situation. The justification of the set of regional indicators of the state of the national security of the Russian Federation is given by the mathematical statistics methods. The balance between the amount of the indicators and convenience to use it is taken into account. Processes of the data selection and verification are described. Also data conversion to necessary format and the best period for analysis and comparing are given. The ways of further researching are scheduled. Criteria and requirements to forming the state of the national security of the Russian Federation assessing system are developed in the article. The theme relevance and potential areas of application the researching result are justified. The science originality consist in introduction mathematical methods in the assessing the state of national security of the Russian Federation system.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):40-55
40-55
Anti-corruption training for military specialists as an element of Russia's national security system
Resumo
The article is devoted to the study of anti-corruption training for military specialists as a systemic element of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is a set of factors contributing to corruption-related offenses in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as mechanisms for their neutralization through educational and organizational measures. The analysis focuses on political, legal, socio-economic, and sociocultural aspects of corruption, including weak public oversight, imperfections in public procurement legislation, shadow economic practices, and entrenched traditions of “informal rewards.” Special attention is paid to the institutional specifics of the military environment, such as the closed nature of its structures, the principle of unitary command, and restrictions on the civil rights of military personnel, which create conditions for abuse. The author explores how these factors are interconnected and how they impact the army’s combat readiness, resource management efficiency, and public trust in state institutions. The relevance of the topic stems from the need to counter threats that corruption poses to the country’s defense sovereignty, particularly amid geopolitical instability and increased budget allocations for military needs. The study employs system analysis, legal-normative approaches, and case studies to identify structural drivers of corruption and assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures in the military sphere. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its comprehensive analysis of corruption risks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation through the lens of their institutional specificity. For the first time, the author integrates political, legal, and sociocultural factors into a unified model, revealing the pivotal role of the “informal rewards” tradition as a systemic catalyst for corruption. An original methodology for anti-corruption training is developed, combining interactive case studies and ethical behavior monitoring programs. It is established that the closed nature of military structures and the principle of unitary command not only increase risks of abuse but also hinder their detection, creating “transparency traps. Combating corruption in the military requires adapting anti-corruption measures to its institutional peculiarities. Sociocultural factors dominate over economic ones: low legal literacy and tolerance for petty corruption undermine the effectiveness of legislative prohibitions. Implementing interactive educational practices increases service members’ engagement in countering corruption. The results of the study provide a foundation for reforming military education systems and strengthening oversight of public procurement in the defense sector.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):56-68
56-68
Russian-Chinese relations: achievements, problems and prospects
Resumo
The article presents conclusions from the analysis of the current state of Russian-Chinese cooperation, as well as the prospects for its development in new geopolitical conditions. Before the Ukrainian crisis, the two countries' rapprochement was facilitated by the complementarity of Russia and China. After the start of the special military operation, relations between Moscow and Beijing transformed into a strategic alliance that arose as a result of the long-term confrontation between both sides and the West. The main characteristics of the foreign policy of Russia and China are the desire to promote a polycentric world order and the denial of the use of force in international affairs, which underlines the desire of the two countries for close cooperation in solving global problems.The purpose of the study was to study the real dynamics of relations between Russia and China after the start of a special military operation, with an emphasis on the main prospects and threats of such cooperation for Russia's national security. The research methodology included methods of source studies, system analysis, economic theory, political science, documentary studies, historiography, analogy and computational linguistics. The main conclusion of the study is that the alliance of Russia and China is not an equal partnership on mutually beneficial terms. To avoid geo-economic and strategic dependence on China, Russia needs to diversify its energy exports. Russia is quite successful in circumventing the sanctions restrictions of the United States and its allies, using the Chinese market to fill the commodity deficit. At the same time, China's share in Russian imports will continue to grow, but there will be no full replacement, since Chinese companies and Chinese authorities are afraid of the announcement of secondary sanctions. Given the similarity of the political and economic conditions of both countries, their interdependence will only increase, despite the inequality in economic power. And yet Beijing has not yet become a full-fledged ally of Moscow in the fight against Western influence. In this regard, Russia needs to expand and deepen cooperation with other Asian countries.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):69-83
69-83
Analysis of the investment activity of the region and its impact on the economic security of the region (using the example of the Kursk region)
Resumo
The subject of this article is the analysis of the investment potential of the Kursk region and its impact on ensuring the economic security of the region. The article provides detailed monitoring and evaluation of key indicators characterizing investment activity in the region. Special attention is paid to the dynamics and structure of the gross regional product as the main indicator of economic development. In addition, the share of investments in fixed assets in GRP is considered, which allows us to assess the degree of investment saturation of the economy. An important aspect of the study is the analysis of investment financing sources – the ratio of own and borrowed funds, which characterizes the financial stability of the region. The distribution of investment resources by key sectors of the Kursk region's economy is studied separately, which allows us to identify priority areas of investment that ensure the most effective development of production potential. The work uses methods of monitoring and comparative analysis of the main economic indicators characterizing investment activity, such as the gross regional product, the share of investments in fixed assets, the structure of investment sources, the distribution of investments by type of economic activity and employment dynamics. The study showed that the Kursk region has significant investment potential, the implementation of which is a key factor in ensuring the economic security of the region. There is a steady growth in the gross regional product, positive dynamics of the share of investments in fixed assets in GRP, and the predominance of own sources of financing. Priority areas of investment have been identified, such as the electric power industry, manufacturing industry and agriculture. The results of the study can be used by public authorities and local self-government of the Kursk region to develop and implement strategies for the socio-economic development of the region, as well as by investors when making investment decisions. The analysis shows the significant investment potential of the Kursk region, the implementation of which contributes to strengthening its economic security. The balanced regional economy and the stability of the main macroeconomic indicators create favorable conditions for the further development and modernization of the region's production potential.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):84-97
84-97
Hybridity as a source of risks in the XXI century
Resumo
The article reveals the features of designing technological and institutional innovations in the modern world. The author's attention is paid to the specifics of endogenous and exogenous hybridization in the past and present - using examples of hybrid warfare, hybrid political regimes, hybrid forms of labor organization, etc., the advantages and disadvantages of using this method in various spheres of social life are shown in detail. The article provides not only the points of view of foreign scientists on this topic, but also the author’s explanation of the reasons for innovators turning to hybrid design. The research methodology is built in accordance with the principles of interdisciplinarity, and the main method used is institutional analysis, which makes it possible to find common features in the development of technological, political and economic subsystems of society. The novelty of the study lies in the author’s argumentation of the point of view that the trend towards hybridization does not lead to an acceleration, but to a slowdown in the pace of development of society. The use of a risk-based approach to the assessment of hybrid structures made it possible to identify the potentially dangerous consequences of their widespread implementation. The conclusions formulated in this article clearly demonstrate the low efficiency of chaotic combinations of dissimilar elements as a method of finding the optimal product. The author has confirmed the importance of investment in the development of the scientific and technical sector to preserve sovereignty. The conclusions of the study are addressed not only to the expert community, but can also be used in the development and adjustment of the content of strategic documents in the field of ensuring national security.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):98-108
98-108
Public control in the CIS member states: main problems and development prospects
Resumo
This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems and prospects for the development of public control in the CIS member states. The authors note that due to the aggressive expansionist policy of the collective West pursued in the last decade, the CIS has an unprecedented negative impact, which was reflected in the stagnation of the development processes of this international governmental organization (for example, in the secession of Ukraine). Nevertheless, a number of public and state-legal institutions are actively developing within the CIS. An important place in the processes of preservation and development of the CIS member states is occupied by a key institution of civil society - public control, which is developing with varying degrees of intensity in each of these CIS member states. However, within the framework of this study, a comparative legal analysis of the problems and prospects of development of this institution of civil society in key CIS member countries (the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Uzbekistan) is carried out. A number of scientific research methods are used in the research, in particular: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The authors identified and analyzed the main problems associated with the organization and functioning of the institute of public control in the CIS member states, the most typical of which are: the lack of consolidation of this institution of civil society in the constitutions of the CIS member states; the removal of a number of public authorities and types of public relations from the subject of public control; their weak material-technical base; insufficient powers; weak use of positive foreign and Soviet experience in the functioning of civil society institutions in this area; lack of specialized structures in criminal and administrative law legislation that make it possible to bring to justice persons who impede the legitimate activities of representatives of subjects of public control; low level of detail of forms, methods, principles, types of public control, depending on the areas of implementation. The paper develops and substantiates a system of measures to resolve these problems based on the cooperation of the efforts of the CIS member states within the framework of this international governmental organization.
National Security / nota bene. 2025;(2):109-124
109-124