Hydrochemical composition of the Chernaya River (Crimea) in 2012–2023

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Аннотация

The paper aims to evaluate hydrochemical composition of the Chernaya River waters, which is the major supplier of fresh water in Sevastopol, as well as to assess the influence of the river runoff on the ecological state of Sevastopol Bay. Flowing from the Chernorechenskoye Reservoir, the Chernaya River crosses the Baydar Valley and on its way takes in several tributaries, not having passed through the reservoir geochemical filter. Then it loses the most of its flow at several water intakes near the village of Khmelnitskoe and turns into a stream. The stream again becomes a relatively full-flowing river after the inflow of circulating water from the treatment facilities near the village of Sakharnaya Golovka, and finally, it discharges into Sevastopol Bay near the Inkerman basin. In order to investigate the transformation of the river waters hydrochemical composition as it moves from the Chernorechenskoye Reservoir to the river mouth, graphs of average concentration for some hydrochemical elements for four hydrological seasons 2012–2023 were constructed for 10 stations located on the river and two conditional stations in the water area of the bay (averaged data for the Inkerman basin and 30 stations of the bay). The waters of the Chernorechenskoye Reservoir and Chernaya River were revealed to be close in composition along the length of almost the entire channel from the outlet to the water intake near the village of Shturmovoe. Further, the composition of the river waters is determined by wastewater. Directly (without taking into account wastewater), the Chernaya River supplies significant amounts of nitrates, silicic acid and ammonium to Sevastopol Bay, but not phosphates, which come with the wastewater.

Толық мәтін

Introduction

In fact, the Chernaya River flows out of the Skelskaya Cave, almost immedia- tely (two hundred metres from the source) begins to fill the Chernorechenskoye Reservoir (CR), then comes again to the surface through the water intake under the reservoir and flows into the eastern apex of Sevastopol Bay after about 35 km. This river is one of the most important elements of the Sevastopol ecology. Firstly, the Chernaya River is the main external supplier to the bay waters of various hydrochemical components, such as nutrients [1], carbonate system elements [2], trace elements [3], organochlorine compounds [4] and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons [5]. Secondly, the waters of the Chernaya River are the main source of fresh water for the city of Sevastopol, and the quality of the water is deemed satisfactory. In accordance with work 1, a mere 1.7% of the fresh water supplied to Sevastopol fails to meet the requisite sanitary and chemical indicators. This water is drawn from the North Side water supply system.

The influence of the Chernaya River on the hydrochemical composition of the Sevastopol Bay waters has been the subject of considerable scientific investigation [6–8], including in the most recent works [1–5], yet the changes that occur in the composition of waters on their way from the CR to the river mouth have attracted much less attention from researchers. The population of Sevastopol is so accustomed to the fact that the water supply system provides sufficiently clean water (additional purification is still recommended for food use) that they demonstrate interest in water supply problems only when there are interruptions in supply 2 or where the quality of running water is uncertain, as was the case following the dam failure on the Baydarka River in 2006 3.

In light of the significance of observations pertaining to the impact of the Chernaya River waters on the Sevastopol Bay ecosystem, Marine Hydrophysical Institute (MHI), which initiated its investigation into the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the bay waters towards the end of the 20th century, incorporated the lower Chernaya River waters (from the CR to the Inkerman basin (IB)) into the scope of its study in 2006. The principal findings of the results of the 2006–2011 observations published in [9] indicate that the Chernaya River waters up to the water intake near the village of Shturmovoe exhibit a relatively consistent hydrochemical composition with the CR water, which the surrounding villages have been utilising for food purposes for an extended period without any notable concerns. However, the hydrochemical composition of the water deteriorates significantly between the village of Shturmovoe and the railway bridge across the river.

Thus, the river is conditionally divided into two parts on the basis of water quality. The water from one part is suitable for domestic purposes, while the water from the second part, which contains significant amounts of nutrients, is comparable to phosphorus-containing fertiliser for agricultural needs. All these unfavourable changes in water composition are attributed to the activity of the KOS-3 sewage treatment plant in the village of Sakharnaya Golovka [10], which discharges its wastewater into the river below the water intake near the village of Shturmovoe.

Recent studies devoted to the Chernaya River have addressed the significant issue of water composition alteration during the transition from fresh to saline conditions in the estuary zone between the railway and highway bridges [4, 10–13]. Nevertheless, these studies fail to address the issue of changes in water composition on the route from the reservoir to the IB, which was the objective of the research initiated in 2006 and continued until the present (the most recent survey was conducted in December 2023).

This study aims at analysing changes in the hydrochemical composition of the waters of the lower Chernaya River in 2012–2023.

Materials and methods

The findings of the quarterly environmental monitoring of Sevastopol Bay at 36 stations and the lower Chernaya River at 10 stations (Fig. 1), conducted by the MHI Marine Biogeochemistry Department were employed in this study. The sequence of the stations is as follows: 1–0–4–6–5–3–2–2а–7–8–9–10. Stations 11, 12 were carried out in advance, during the Sevastopol Bay expedition, for details see [15]. From 2012 to December 2023, a total of 36 expeditions were conducted. While surveys were planned in each of the four hydrological seasons, not all of them were carried out. The water samples were transported to a fixed onshore laboratory within a timeframe of 2–3 hours after collection, where they were subjected to immediate analysis. Before analysing dissolved mineral forms of nutrients (silicic acid, phosphates, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium), water samples were pre-filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.45 µm.

Dissolved oxygen content was determined by the Winkler method [16], mineral forms of nutrients (phosphates, silicon, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen) were analysed photometrically in accordance with work 4.

 

Fig. 1. Map of stations for sampling water from the River Chernaya. Notations are given in the table below

 

Station number

Coordinates

Reference points

N

Е

0

44.492033

33.809025

Reservoir surface over the water intake

1

44.490475

33.805073

Water intake under the reservoir

2

44.475604

33.790574

Baydarka River, former pond

2а

44.475604

33.790574

Concrete trough bypassing the pond

3

44.486921

33.794287

Baydarka River, pipe-bridge outside the village of Ozernoe

4

44.492832

33.792845

Urkusta River

5

44.492115

33.792624

Highway bridge of the village Ozernoe– the village of Peredovoe

6

44.496838

33.784174

Gauging station near Krasnaya Skala

7

44.545083

33.662152

Gauging station near the village of Khmelnitskoe

8

44.574922

33.629644

Highway bridge near the village of Shturmovoe

9

44.595650

33.609477

Railway bridge near Inkerman

10

44.605719

33.601888

Highway bridge near Inkerman

Note: Station 11 – the average over three stations of the Inkerman basin, station 12 – the average over 33 stations in Sevastopol Bay.

 

Ammonium nitrogen was determined using the modified method of Sagi–Solorzano based on the phenol-hypochlorite reaction using sodium nitroprusside and sodium citrate 5. The pH value was determined potentiometrically in an open cell with calibration by NBS scale buffer solutions; total alkalinity was determined by direct titration with potentiometric termination.

The Grafer programme was employed to plot the figures of sequential changes in the composition of each hydrochemical element when progressing from the CR surface to Sevastopol Bay.

Results

First, we explain the location of stations along the Chernaya River in more detail (Table). Station 0 represents the reservoir surface waters, while st. 1 – the CR bottom waters (water intake under the reservoir, from which the Chernaya River flows out for the second time); further on, the river waters take in two tributaries: the Baydarka River (st. 2, 3) and the Urkusta River (St. 4). Prior to st. 5, these three rivers are combined. At st. 6, they have already become a homogeneous mass, with multiple water intakes along the way. The first intake is located near the village of Khmelnitskoe (st. 7), while the last intake is situated near the village of Shturmovoe (st. 8). Following the diversion of the Chernaya River through a series of water intakes, a residual stream of water remains. It receives wastewater from KOS-3, which changes the water hydrochemical composition qualitatively to st. 9. At st. 10, waters have already become partially distributed marine ones (their salinity is rarely less than 16). Two more stations – 11, 12 – represent averaged data for surface waters of the Inkerman basin (3 stations) and all Sevastopol Bay (33 stations). Data from some stations in Sevastopol Bay, namely in the Southern Bay apex, where 10–100-fold exceedance of MPC for nitrate and ammonium was constantly observed [17], were not taken into account during averaging.

It is important to note that prior to the formation of the CR, the Chernaya River had a considerable number of tributaries, which now contribute to the CR. The volume of water from these tributaries is comparable to that of Sevastopol Bay. The CR is a geochemical filter, which is why it is inaccurate to suggest that tributaries flow into it. Biochemical processes extract nutrients, and the products of this processing eventually settle to the bottom of the river. This transformation results in a natural self-purification of the waters which can be used for food without additional treatment. All this becomes possible only because the reservoir, due to its strategic importance, is not used as a recreation object at all; there are enough artificially created stanks, ponds and other water bodies for recreation of the population of the nearest villages.

Two principal tributaries of the Chernaya River exhibit a significant distinction. The Urkusta River originates from the pond near the village of Peredovoe, traversing a geochemical filter. In contrast, a comparable filtration system for the Baydarka River was dismantled due to an unanticipated incident in November 2006 3) and was not subsequently restored. Instead of constructing treatment facilities for the Baydarka River waters and emergency discharge of the CR waters, a concrete trough was constructed to collect rainfall parallel to the Baydarka River bed (st. 2а). As a result, the Baydarka River, which collects waste from the village of Orlinoe and agricultural lands as it goes, flows untreated into the Chernaya River.

Expected seasonal variations in the distribution of oxygen are observed across stations, with the highest concentrations in winter which gradually decrease in spring and the lowest concentrations in summer which increase in autumn (Fig. 2, а). The percentage of oxygen saturation in the waters of the CR and the river at st. 5–7 up to the water intake is consistently maintained at a level of approximately 100%. (Fig. 2, b) which indicates a low rate of photosynthesis in the river waters in comparison with surface waters of the CR, the Inkerman basin and the whole bay, oxygen saturation of which reaches ~110% in summer.

 

Fig. 2. Oxygen content (a), water oxygen saturation (b), pH value (c) and total alkalinity value (d) at the stations of the lower Chernaya River in 2012–2023

 

The change in pH value is similar to the pattern of oxygen saturation of waters (Fig. 2, с), value 8.3 is typical for all seasons for the surface waters of the CR, st. 5–7, IB and the bay waters. In summer, however, the pH is somewhat lower than this value.

The tributaries of the Baydarka and Urkusta Rivers exert the most significant influence on the alkalinity value of the river water, with a pH level exceeding 5 mg-eq/L. This results in an increase in the alkalinity of the Chernaya River water following the discharge of the tributaries (Fig. 2, d). Seasonal variations of alkalinity demonstrate a distinct pattern, with the highest values observed in winter, subsequent decline in spring and further reduction in summer. Conversely, autumn marks a period of increased alkalinity. Nevertheless, these fluctuations have a negligible impact on the alkalinity of the IB waters, with the average alkalinity of the bay surface waters remaining largely unaltered at ~3.4 mg-eq/L.

Fig. 2 shows that the contribution of wastewater at st. 9 does not change the values of these parameters too much. But the content of elements of the main biogenic cycle is very much influenced by the wastewater appearing at st. 9 (Fig. 3). The phosphate concentration variations are the most contrasting in this respect. In the CR waters, its content is insignificant in all seasons, at the level of 0.1 µM (Fig. 3, а). After the inflow of the Baydarka River waters (phosphates are almost absent in the Urkusta River waters (st. 4) passing through the geochemical filter), the phosphate concentration at st. 5–7 remains about the same as in the CR. And after wastewater inflow, the minimum phosphate concentration at st. 9 becomes higher than 2 µM, which is 20–50 times higher than its content in the CR waters.

 

Fig. 3. Contents of phosphates (a), silicic acid (b), nitrates (c) and ammonium (d) at the stations of the lower Chernaya River in 2012–2023

 

The concentration of silicic acid in the CR waters during the summer months is approximately equivalent to that observed in the waters of the IB and the entire bay, ~ 5 µM (Fig. 3, b). In other seasons, the concentration of silicic acid in the CR waters is noticeably higher, at 20 µM. This value increases markedly after the inflow of tributaries containing silicic acids about 5 to 8 times higher than in the CR, ranging from 80 to 160 µM. This results in a slight increase in silicic acid content at st. 5–7, which then almost doubles at st. 9 after wastewater intake. Thereafter, a monotonic decrease in silicic acid concentration upon contact with seawater at st. 10, 11, 12 takes place.

Seasonal variations in nitrate content in the CR waters have been observed, with accumulation during winter, extraction in spring, and increased consumption during summer and autumn. At the same time, nitrate concentration in the CR waters is always higher than in the bay waters (Fig. 3, с). The Baydarka River has a nitrate concentration that is 3–4 times higher than that of the CR (it is important to note again that the geochemical filter in the Urkusta River has a similar nitrate concentration to that of the CR). This has a negligible impact on the water composition at st. 5–7 upstream of the water intake. Below the water intake, wastewater inflow leads to a 2–4 times increase in nitrate concentration at st. 9 which then remains at a stable level of 80 μM. The decrease in nitrate content upon contact with seawater is gradual; at st. 10 nitrate concentrations become approximately the same as in the CR, after which they decrease by an order of magnitude in the IB and subsequently throughout the bay.

The dynamics of ammonium content in the CR surface waters are qualitatively opposite to those of nitrate content. During the winter and spring months, when nitrate levels are elevated, ammonium concentrations are typically low, with an average value of less than 0.5 µM (Fig. 3, d). In summer, nitrate begins to be consumed during photosynthesis, while ammonium accumulates as a result of decomposition of suspended organic matter (SOM) (SOM decomposition process provides higher ammonium concentrations in the CR bottom waters compared to the surface waters). By autumn, the process of ammonium accumulation in the CR surface waters intensifies (photosynthesis weakens, SOM decomposition continues). It is also noteworthy that while the nitrate concentration in the CR surface and bottom waters is approximately equivalent, ammonium is consistently present at higher levels in bottom waters than in surface ones. It can be assumed that this is caused by the decomposition of deposited SOM near the bottom. Wastewater increases ammonium content at st. 9 predictably, about 2–4 times higher than at st. 5–7. The decrease in ammonium as well as nitrate concentrations in contact with seawater during the progression from st. 10 to st. 12 is not immediate, but gradual.

Discussion

Among the above results, the main ones should be highlighted: the role of the tributaries of the Chernaya River (the Baydarka and Urkusta Rivers) and the sewage treatment plants in changing the composition of the CR waters; the rate of assimilation of the river waters by the bay seawater.

Figs. 2, 3 demonstrate that the inflow of tributary waters (st. 2–4) containing significantly more of all nutrients and having higher alkalinity than the CR waters does not significantly affect the composition of the Chernaya River waters. Only silicic acid content at st. 5–7 (river waters up to the intake) exhibits a notable increase following the inflow of tributary waters. In contrast, the concentrations of other nutrients and alkalinity value remain approximately at the same level as in the CR.

With regard to the waters of wastewater treatment facilities, the impact of which is evident just before the mouth at st. 9, they contain significantly higher levels of nutrients throughout the year than the waters of the Chernaya River at st. 5–7: phosphates by 10–100 times, silicic acid, nitrates and ammonium by about 2 times.

Such an increase in concentrations is almost levelled out before the river water enters the IB, the concentrations of all biogenic elements are markedly reduced at st. 10 compared to st. 9, and the composition of water in the IB is almost the same as in Sevastopol Bay. That is, the main decrease in the content of nutrients and alkalinity value occurs at the river mouth, between st. 9 and st. 10, where the Chernaya River waters are diluted with marine waters and finally turn into them at st. 10, where salinity is rarely less than 17. It is no coincidence that this area has attracted increased attention from the scientific community [4, 5, 10–13].

A comparison of the composition of the waters of the CR (st. 0–1) and the bay (st. 12) reveals that the waters of the Chernaya River contribute only silicic acid and nitrates to the bay, while phosphates enter the bay exclusively from the waters of the Sakharnaya Golovka wastewater treatment facilities. Furthermore, the effluent from the wastewater treatment facilities contains silicic acid, nitrates and ammonium.

Conclusions

The hydrochemical monitoring of the Chernaya River waters shows the following:

  1. The oxygen saturation of the waters of the CR and the lower Chernaya River up to the water intakes is approximately 100% in all seasons, and the pH value is within the range of 8.25–8.30.
  2. The total alkalinity of the CR and the Chernaya River exhibits seasonal variations. During the winter and spring months, it is higher than the alkalinity of the Sevastopol Bay waters. Conversely, during the summer and autumn, it is lower.
  3. The waters of the CR and the Chernaya River exhibit elevated concentrations of silicic acid and nitrates throughout the year, in comparison to the Sevastopol Bay waters. The ammonium concentrations in the river and bay waters are found to be approximately equivalent.
  4. The phosphate content of the reservoir and river waters is approximately equivalent, yet the river subsequently becomes the source of phosphates for the bay following the introduction of wastewater from the treatment plant.
  5. The waters of the Baydarka River (a tributary of the Chernaya River), which have not undergone geochemical filtration via the CR, consistently exhibit markedly elevated concentrations of silicic acid, nitrates, ammonium and phosphates as well as a higher alkalinity value than the river waters. This presents a potential risk to the quality of the water supplied to Sevastopol.

 

1 Antonova, A., 2017. You Can Drink Tap Water. Sevastopol'skaja Gazeta. Online available at: https://sevastopol.press/2017/09/04/vodu-iz-krana-mozhno-pit/ [Accessed: 12 April 2024].

2 Aleshina, N., 2024. Emergency due to Mud. Sevastopol Remains without Water for the Fourth Day. KRym.AIF.RU. Available at: https://krym.aif.ru/society/jkh/chs_iz-za_gryazi_sevastopol_ostayotsya_bez_vody_chetvertye_sutki [Accessed: 12 April 2024].

3 Ryabov, M., 2006. The Tap Water is Poisoned! Sevastopol'skaja Gazeta. Available at: https://sevastopol.press/2006/11/09/voda-otravlena/ [Accessed: 12 April 2024].

4 Bordovsky, O.K. and Ivanenkov, V.N., eds., 1978. [Methods of Hydrochemical Studies of the Ocean]. Moscow: Nauka, 271 p. (in Russian).

5 Bordovsky, O.K. and Chernyakova, A.M., eds., 1992. [Modern Methods of Hydrochemical Studies of the Ocean]. Moscow: IO AN SSSR, 199 p. (in Russian).

×

Авторлар туралы

Sergey Kondratev

Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: skondratt@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2049-7750
SPIN-код: 8972-2019
Scopus Author ID: 35784380700

Senior Research Associate, PhD (Chem.)

Ресей, Sevastopol

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. Orekhova, N.A., Medvedev, E.V. and Ovsyany, E.I., 2018. Influence of the River Chernaya Water on Hydro-chemical Regime of the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea). Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (3), pp. 84–91. https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2018-3-84-91 (in Russian).
  2. Moiseenko, O.G., Khoruzhiy, D.S. and Medvedev, E.V., 2014. Carbonate System in the Chernaya River Waters and in the Zone of the Chernaya River – Sevastopol Bay Biogeochemical Barrier (the Black Sea). Morskoy Gidrofizi-cheskiy Zhurnal, (6), pp. 47–60 (in Russian).
  3. Malakhova, L.V., Proskurnin, V.Yu., Egorov, V.N., Chuzhikova-Proskurnina, O.D. and Bobko, N.I., 2020. Trace Elements in the Chernaya River Water and Evaluation of their Income with the Riverine Inflow into the Sevastopol Bay in Winter 2020. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (3), pp. 77–94. https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-3-77-94 (in Russian).
  4. Malakhova, L.V., Egorov, V.N., Malakhova, T.V., Lobko, V.V., Murashova, A.I. and Bobko, N.I., 2020. Organochlorine Compounds Content in the Components of the Black River Ecosystem and Assessment of their Inflow to the Se-vastopol Bay in the Winter Season 2020. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research, (5), pp. 7–14. https://doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.13061 (in Russian).
  5. Soloveva, O.V., Tikhonova, E.A., Mironov, O.A. and Barabashin, T.O., 2021. Poly- cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bottom Sediments of the River – Sea Mixing Zone on the Example of the River Chernaya and the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea). Physical Oceanography, 28(3), pp. 338–347. https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2021-3-338-347
  6. Ovsyany, E.I., Romanov, A.S., Min'kovskaya, R.Ya., Krasnovid, I.I., Ozyumen- ko, B.A. and Zymbal, I.M., 2001. Basic Polluting Sources of Sea near Sevastopol. In: MHI, 2001. Ekologicheskaya Bezopasnost' Pribrezhnoy i Shel'fovoy Zon i Kompleksnoe Ispol'zovanie Resursov Shel'fa [Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Comprehensive Use of Shelf Resources]. Sevastopol: ECOSI-Gidrofizika. Iss. 2, pp. 138–152 (in Russian).
  7. Ivanov, V.A., Ovsyany, E.I., Repetin, L.N., Romanov, A.S. and Ignatyeva, O.G., 2006. Hydrological and Hy-drochemical Regime of the Sebastopol Bay and its Changing under Influence of Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors. Sevastopol: Marine Hydrophisical Institute NAS of Ukraine, 90 p. (in Russian).
  8. Ovsyany, E.I., Artemenko, V.M., Romanov, A.S. and Orekhova, N.A., 2007. The Chernaya River Discharge as a Factor Affecting the Water-Salt Regime Forming and Ecological State of the Sevastopol Bay. In: MHI, 2007. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Comprehensive Use of Shelf Resources. Se-vastopol: MHI. Iss. 15, pp. 57–65 (in Russian).
  9. Kondratiev, S.I., 2014. [Study of the Hydrochemical Structure of the Chernaya River (Crimea) in 2006–2011]. In: MHI, 2014. Ekologicheskaya Bezopasnost' Pribrezhnoy i Shel'fovoy Zon i Kompleksnoe Ispol'zovanie Resursov Shel'fa [Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Comprehensive Use of Shelf Resources]. Sevastopol: MHI. Iss. 28, pp. 176–185 (in Russian).
  10. Narivonchik, S.V., 2024. Variability of Nutrient Concentration in Waters of the Chernaya River Estuarine Zone (Sevastopol Region). Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (1), pp. 82–97.
  11. Boltachev, A.R., Karpova, E.P. and Danilyuk, O.N., 2010. Peculiarities of thermohaline parameters and ichthyoce-nosis of the Chernaya River estuary (the Sevastopol Bay). Marine Ekological Journal, 9(2), pp. 23–36 (in Russian).
  12. Mezentsevа, I.V. and Sovga, E.E., 2019. Self-Purification Ability of the Ecosystem of the East Part of the Se-vastopol Bay with Respect to Inorganic Nitrogen. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (1), pp. 71–77. https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2019-1-71-77 (in Russian).
  13. Rudneva, I. and Shayda, V., 2019. Bioassay of the Estuary Waters of the Chernaya River (Bay of Sevastopol, Black Sea) Using the Brine Shrimp Artemia (Crustacea: Brachiopoda). Ecosystem Transformation, 2(3), pp. 76–84. https://doi.org/10.23859/estr-190213
  14. Sovga, E.E. and Khmara, T.V., 2020. Influence of the Chernaya River Runoff during High and Low Water on the Ecological State of the Apex of the Sevastopol Bay Water Area. Physical Oceanography, 27(1), pp. 28–36. https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2020-1-28-36
  15. Orekhova, N.A. and Varenik, A.V., 2018. Current Hydrochemical Regime of the Sevastopol Bay. Physical Oceanography, 25(2), pp. 124–135. https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2018-2-124-135
  16. Carpenter, J.H., 1965. The Chesapeake Bay Institute Technique for the Winkler Dissolved Oxygen Method. Limnology and Oceanography, 10(1), pp. 141–143. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1965.10.1.0141
  17. Kondratev, S.I. and Orekhova, N.A., 2023. Potential Threats to the Ecological State of Water in the Sevastopol Bay. Lomonosov Geography Journal, 78(6), pp. 3–14. https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU0579-9414.5.78.6.1 (in Rus-sian).

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу
2. Fig. 1. Map of stations for sampling water from the River Chernaya. Notations are given in the table below

Жүктеу (24KB)
Метадеректер
3. Fig. 2. Oxygen content (a), water oxygen saturation (b), pH value (c) and total alkalinity value (d) at the stations of the lower Chernaya River in 2012–2023

Жүктеу (46KB)
Метадеректер
4. Fig. 3. Contents of phosphates (a), silicic acid (b), nitrates (c) and ammonium (d) contents at the stations in the lower Chernaya River in 2012–2023

Жүктеу (45KB)
Метадеректер
5. Fig. 1. Map of stations for sampling water from the River Chernaya. Notations are given in the table below

Жүктеу (21KB)
Метадеректер
6. Fig. 2. Oxygen content (a), water oxygen saturation (b), pH value (c) and total alkalinity value (d) at the stations of the lower Chernaya River in 2012–2023

Жүктеу (46KB)
Метадеректер
7. Fig. 3. Contents of phosphates (a), silicic acid (b), nitrates (c) and ammonium (d) contents at the stations in the lower Chernaya River in 2012–2023

Жүктеу (47KB)
Метадеректер

© Кондратьев С.I., 2024

Creative Commons License
Бұл мақала лицензия бойынша қол жетімді Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».