酒精中毒在莫斯科致命交通事故中的作用
- 作者: Chizhikova I.O.1, Shigeev S.V.1
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隶属关系:
- Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise
- 期: 卷 10, 编号 4 (2024)
- 页面: 486-497
- 栏目: 原创研究
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2411-8729/article/view/288318
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16160
- ID: 288318
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背景。据世界卫生组织数据,每年全球约有119万人死于交通事故。在酒精影响下驾驶显著增加发生交通事故及相关死亡的风险,这可能与受伤的严重程度以及急性酒精中毒下的创伤性疾病隐匿进程有关。
目的。根据法医数据,评估急性酒精中毒对莫斯科交通事故中受伤严重程度及其结果的影响。
材料与方法。研究分为两个阶段:第一阶段分析2023年莫斯科所有交通事故死亡者的相关数据(共329例),第二阶段聚焦有乙醇检测结果的死亡者数据(共247例)。研究对象为法医调查和鉴定结论,分析了死亡者的人口统计学特征、交通参与情况、死亡时间、受伤性质以及乙醇血浓度水平。在国内实践中首次使用了FISST(Forensic Injury Severity Score Template)评分系统(用于尸检时对伤害严重程度进行客观和量化评估的系统)。
结果。2023年,莫斯科因交通事故死亡的受害者中超过一半在医疗救治阶段死亡。死亡者中大多数为男性(239/329,占72.6%;平均年龄43.9岁 [41.8–46])。在247名有乙醇检测结果的死亡者中,32.4%(80/247)检测出乙醇。醉酒死亡者主要为行人和驾驶员。最严重的伤害出现在乙醇血浓度超过3‰的死亡者中。然而,本研究未证实伤害严重程度与乙醇血浓度之间的直接关联。在院前阶段死亡者中发现了最严重的伤害,其中胸部损伤对病情严重程度的影响最大。这些死亡者还显示出最高的平均乙醇血浓度水平。
结论。在莫斯科因交通事故死亡的每三名受害者中就有一名检测出乙醇。每四名驾驶员和行人中就有一名在乙醇血浓度高于0.3‰时死亡。所有醉酒驾驶员均在交通事故发生后的首日内死亡。最严重的伤害出现在乙醇血浓度超过3‰的死亡者中。研究数据显示,乙醇的检测频率和乙醇血浓度对伤害严重程度及住院时间无直接影响。
作者简介
Inna O. Chizhikova
Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: chizhikovaio@zdrav.mos.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6520-9540
SPIN 代码: 5582-1090
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
Sergey V. Shigeev
Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise
Email: shigeev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2219-5315
SPIN 代码: 3116-2928
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
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