熊和人类远端肢体的比较解剖学特征
- 作者: Iudina A.M.1, Veselkova D.V.1
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隶属关系:
- Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences
- 期: 卷 10, 编号 2 (2024)
- 页面: 181-200
- 栏目: 原创研究
- URL: https://bakhtiniada.ru/2411-8729/article/view/262743
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/fm16106
- ID: 262743
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详细
论证。法医和人类学文献对人类和动物骨骼的比较形态描述不完整。与此同时,熊四肢远端零散的骨骼在解剖学上与人类骨骼相似,这是因为它们有脚印。再加上熊骨骼的一些特殊性、保存不善、没有爪子和遗骸不完整,可能会在鉴定过程中造成困难和错误。
研究目的是创建说明性材料,描述与类似的人类骨骼相比,熊四肢远端部分每个元素的形态特征对于识别很重要。
材料和方法。熊右侧胸肢和右侧骨盆肢远端部分的制备是按照骨学制备方法进行的。熊缺失的爪趾骨和人的手脚骨取自收藏材料。《国际兽医解剖命名法》用于描述熊骨骼的解剖特征。至于人类骨骼,则参考了《国际解剖术语》的最新建议。
结果。熊的每块手骨和脚骨都与人类的类似骨骼进行了对比描述。为了更具有普遍性,描述采用了《国际动物学命名法》。对于所有骨骼,除了远端芝麻状骨骼,都提供了与识别相关的角度的高质量照片。比较解剖学分析表明,腕骨的差异较大,而作为人类足部一部分的所有跖骨都能在熊足中找到类似物,而且在大小特征上更为接近。掌骨和跖骨头的关节面具有特征性的脊,与手指近端指骨基部的切口相连。此外,熊手和熊脚的特征还包括手指远端指骨上有大量的芝麻状骨突和爪状突起。
结论。比较解剖学分析表明,棕熊和人类的手和脚的骨骼结构因脚部行走而具有相似性。由于形态上的相似性,骨骼的识别可能比较困难。文章中描述的熊骨骼的一系列特征,结合说明性材料,将有助于更准确地确定其隶属关系,即使是根据肢体远端部分的单个骨骼。
作者简介
Anastasiia M. Iudina
Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: iudinaanmi@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2456-0948
SPIN 代码: 4604-6844
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
Daria V. Veselkova
Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: daria.veselkova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-5311-6582
SPIN 代码: 1635-2548
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
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