Assessment of risk factors and information content of colposcopy in the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia

The work is devoted to the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) which is a topical medical issue. The authors found that a group of women with CIN included working age patients, and early detection of CIN can prevent the development of invasive cancer, which is considered to be one of the main causes of disability and mortality among women. It was revealed that patients with a history of cervical dysplasia often have HPV-infection (type 16 and type 18). Colposcopy is the most accessible and informative method for diagnosing of CIN. The informative value of colposcopy is due to the fact that this procedure allows to accurately determine the boundaries of the pathological focus, and to make an assumption about the type of the disease according to the structure of its cells and tissues. In addition, during colposcopy, the doctor can take a targeted tissue biopsy directly from the area with pathological change for subsequent histological examination. On the basis of the structure of tissues, the pathologist can make an accurate conclusion about the type of pathological process in the cervix. When a smear for oncocytology is taken, the superficial cells of the cervix are collected by means of a special brush. Sometimes this brush fail to capture the changed cervical cells, this may result in misdiagnosis. Due to this method of sampling, the diagnostic information content of the oncocytological smear is lower as compared to colposcopy. But, despite the high degree of informative value of the colposcopy, the final diagnosis is made only on the basis of the findings of biopsy. Obtained data can serve as an algorithm for diagnostics of cervical pathology.