Vol 13, No 2 (2023)

The identification, study and compilation of the most complete data on the history of fortifications on the territory of the Russian Federation remains one of the most pressing issues of modern historical science. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the data of historiography, cartographic and historical written sources on the history of the Kichuy fortification on the New Zakamye defensive line in the 18th century. An equally important task is to actualize interest in the history of fortifications of the 18th century, located on the territory of the Volga region and the Urals. A comprehensive approach based on the study of different types of sources has become the leading method for the study of this problem. Research materials: the work involves special historical studies (monographs and scientific articles), cartographic sources, legislative acts, business correspondence and published historical sources of the 18th century. Results and scientific novelty of the work: the facts of the wide use of the fortification Kichuy Feldshanets of the New Zakamye line during the Bashkir rebellion (1735–1740), the use of the Feldshanets as a strong point for the collection of troops in connection with the beginning of the Seven Years War (1756–1763), as well as during the suppression of the Pugachev rebellion (1773–1775) have been established. Mentions and descriptions of the Kichuy fortification were revealed in the works of P.I. Rychkov, P.S. Pallas, A.S. Pushkin, the facts of visiting the fortification by I.I. Neplyuev, P.S. Pallas, V.A. Kar, Ya.I. von Brandt. The materials of the article can be used in the preparation of generalizing monographs on the military history of the Russian Empire, in the teaching practice of universities when giving lectures and conducting practical classes, in the development of special courses on the history of fortification.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of serving Tatars in the battles of the Seven Years War of 1756–1763 as part of the irregular cavalry of the Russian army. The author pays special attention to the issues of preparation for a campaign, the study of military equipment, the number and composition of troops, and the organization of orders. An attempt has been made to trace the battle path traveled by service Tatars during the

The article examines the difficult period in the history of the Apazovo village of the Kazan district of the Kazan province – 1905–1917. During the first Russian revolution baptized Tatars renewed their movement to return to Islam. We used different focuses to analyze this rural community: socio-economic ties, an Orthodox parish, an illegal Muslim community, leaders and outsiders of a religious movement. Markers of the Muslim subjectivity of the population of Apazova were different religious practices. Conflicts and conformity in the community correlated with different phases of the 1905–1907 revolution. There are the main motives that led to the change of religious attitudes. It is important that in addition to external forces (Orthodox missionaries, Muslim Tatars), the religious movement had internal resources: an active middle generation and the female factor.

The article shows trends, factors of changes in the number, life activity of rural Tatars of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the 1920s – 1950s. The history of the Tatar peasantry of Bashkortostan in the Soviet period is inseparable from the history of the peasants of Russia as a whole. As a result of complex, ambiguously interpreted ethnogenetic processes, by the beginning of the 20th century, the demographic majority of the north-west and west of modern Bashkortostan were Tatars. According to the census of 1926, were recorded a significant number of Bashkirs, who considered the Tatar language their native language. The 1939 census recorded a very small increase in the Bashkir population, even though the growth rates of the number of Tatars were higher than the average growth rates of the total population in the republic. The quantitative composition of the Tatar peasants of this region during this period decreased at a lower rate relative to the villagers of other nationalities of this region. By the end of the 1950s, the main trend in changing the demographic picture of the Tatar rural population in the Bashkir ASSR was determined by migration and population reduction. They were caused by the high rates of industrialization of the economy of the republic and the secondary attitude of the state to the development of the agricultural sector. According to the degree of urbanization, the Tatars occupied an intermediate position between the Russians and Bashkirs.

The article investigates the "tales" of the members of the Sovereign’s Court – natives of the Turkic nobility as a source of information from the boyar lists of the middle of the 17th century about their readiness for regimental service. All the documents studied in the article were deposited in the fund of the Razryadnyi Prikaz of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). The personal composition of representatives of the Turkic elite in Moscow ranks is considered. The "tales" of 1653–1668 of the members of the Sovereign’s Court – natives of the Turkic nobility were identified and introduced into scientific circulation. It is established that the "tales" of military servicemen (including representatives of the Turkic nobility) were the main source of information of the boyar lists of the middle of the 17th century about their readiness for regimental service and could function in the office of the Razryadnyi Prikaz for a long time. The article is addressed to specialists in the history of the Sovereign's Court, social history, the history of public administration, and the source studies of clerical work documents.

The review describes the content of the monograph devoted to the study of the history of the Laishevsky district of Kazan province in the second half of the 19th – early 20thcentury on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of published and unpublished sources stored in the collections of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Lobachevsky Scientific Library of KFU, the Russian State Military Historical Archive and the Russian State Historical Archive. The reviewer shows the scientific and practical significance of the study, which chronologically covers the period from the time of the Great Reforms of Alexander II to the revolutionary events of 1917 inclusive. Both advantages and disadvantages are noted in the disclosure of some plots, a detailed consideration of which would enrich the content of the work.

The year 2023 will be marked by the 150th anniversary of the birth of the Russian Muslim religious and public figure, theologian, teacher-reformer and educator Ziya Kamali (1873–1942). Anniversary events can serve as a good tool for analyzing trends and prospects for studying the creative heritage of the thinker. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing interest of researchers in the heritage of the thinkers of the Muslim East, the historical experience of various cultural and civilizational traditions in the modern multicultural and multi-confessional society in Russia and globalization in the world. This publication is intended to reflect the main milestones in the life and career of the hero of the day. Particular attention is focused on the personal contribution of Kamali to the formation and development of the Jadid Madrasah "Galiya" (Ufa, 1906–1919), as well as the Tatar women's education in Ufa. Under the leadership of Kamali, Galiya Madrasah became one of the leading Russian Muslim educational institutions, and the summer pedagogical courses organized by the Tatar theologian turned into a kind of educational and methodological center for Russian Muslim teachers. Descriptions are based on prior literature. In addition, for the reconstruction of the creative biography of the famous Jadid, both unpublished archival materials and published sources, in particular, the Tatar pre-revolutionary press, were involved.